元功: d4=F·di F cos Fcos eds 直角坐标系:F=Fi+Fj+Fk dr=dxi +dvj +dzk A=Fdr= f dx+ Fdy+ F,dz 总功:A=「dA=「 Fcos eds=「F.dF dx +F,dy+ e da b o F r d ds r r P P 元功: F s F r A F r cos d d cos d d = = = A F r F x F y F z d = d = x d + y d + z d 直角坐标系: F Fx i Fy j Fz k = + + r xi yj zk d = d + d + d 总功: A A F s F r b a b a b a = d = cosd = d ( ) = + + b a x y z F dx F dy F dz