FOCUS ON 1.5 Half of the world's urban population lives in cities Urban disparities....................................6 of fewer than 500,000 inhabitants.................11 Matemal and child health services for the urban poor: 2.1 Wealth increases the odds of survival for children A case study from Nairobi,Kenya.....................20 under the age of 5 in urban areas..................18 Mapping urban disparities to secure child rights.........26 2.2 Children of the urban poor are more likely Helpful strategies in urban emergencies................39 to be undernourished............................19 Women,children,disaster and resilience...............41 2.3 Stunting prevalence among children under Urban HEART:Measuring and 3 years old in urban Kenya........................21 responding to health inequity.... ...52 2.4 HIV is more common in urban areas and The Child-Friendly Cities Initiative: more prevalent among females....................22 Fifteen years of trailblazing work......................56 2.5 In urban areas,access to improved water and sanitation is not keeping pace Upgrading informal settlements in Jeddah.............64 with population growth..........................24 The paucity of intra-urban data.......................69 2.6 Mapping poverty in Lilongwe and Blantyre,Malawi...26 2.7 Tracking health outcomes PERSPECTIVE in London,United Kingdom.......................27 Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan 2.8 Urban income disparities also mean unequal Out of sight,out of reach ............................15 access to water.................................28 Amitabh Bachchan 2.9 School attendance is lower in slums...............30 Reaching every child:Wiping out polio in Mumbai .......23 4.1 Urban HEART planning and implementation cycle....52 Eugen Crai 4.2 Twelve core indicators...........................53 A world apart:The isolation of Roma children...........37 ATD Fourth World Movement Youth Group,New York City 4.3 Design scenarios for an informal settlement.........65 Speaking for ourselves.... ….43 Tuiloma Neroni Slade Pacific challenges...................................46 Jose Clodoveu de Arruda Coelho Neto STATISTICAL TABLES. 81 Building children's lives to build a city..................51 Under-five mortality rankings.........................87 Ricky Martin Table 1.Basic indicators............................88 Trafficked children in our cities: Table 2.Nutrition..................................92 Protecting the exploited in the Americas................54 Table 3.Health....................................96 Celine d'Cruz and Sheela Patel Table 4.HIV/AIDS Home-grown solutions..............................72 .100 Table 5.Education............ ....104 Table 6.Demographic indicators....................108 FIGURES Table 7 Economic indicators.......................112 An urban world..........,................,....i Table8.Women.............116 1.1 Almost half of the world's children live in urban areas....2 Table 9.Child protection...........................120 1.2 Urban population growth is greater in less developed regions.......,.................,.....3 Table 10.The rate of progress.......................125 1.3 Educational attainment can be most Table 11.Adolescents..............................130 unequal in urban areas............................6 Table 12.Equity-Residence........................134 1.4 Urban populations are growing fastest in Table 13.Equity-Household wealth..................138 Asia and Africa..................................9 ABBREVIATIONS..................................142 ContentsContents ix Focus on Urban disparities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Maternal and child health services for the urban poor: A case study from Nairobi, Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Mapping urban disparities to secure child rights . . . . . . . . 26 Helpful strategies in urban emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Women, children, disaster and resilience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Urban HEART: Measuring and responding to health inequity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 The Child-Friendly Cities Initiative: Fifteen years of trailblazing work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Upgrading informal settlements in Jeddah . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 The paucity of intra-urban data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Perspective Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan Out of sight, out of reach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Amitabh Bachchan Reaching every child: Wiping out polio in Mumbai . . . . . . 23 Eugen Crai A world apart: The isolation of Roma children . . . . . . . . . . 37 ATD Fourth World Movement Youth Group, New York City Speaking for ourselves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Tuiloma Neroni Slade Pacific challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 José Clodoveu de Arruda Coelho Neto Building children’s lives to build a city..................51 Ricky Martin Trafficked children in our cities: Protecting the exploited in the Americas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Celine d’Cruz and Sheela Patel Home-grown solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Figures An urban world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi 1.1 Almost half of the world’s children live in urban areas . . . 2 1.2 Urban population growth is greater in less developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Educational attainment can be most unequal in urban areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 Urban populations are growing fastest in Asia and Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.5 Half of the world’s urban population lives in cities of fewer than 500,000 inhabitants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.1 Wealth increases the odds of survival for children under the age of 5 in urban areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.2 Children of the urban poor are more likely to be undernourished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.3 Stunting prevalence among children under 3 years old in urban Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.4 HIV is more common in urban areas and more prevalent among females . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.5 In urban areas, access to improved water and sanitation is not keeping pace with population growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.6 Mapping poverty in Lilongwe and Blantyre, Malawi . . 26 2.7 Tracking health outcomes in London, United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.8 Urban income disparities also mean unequal access to water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.9 School attendance is lower in slums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4.1 Urban HEART planning and implementation cycle . . . 52 4.2 Twelve core indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4.3 Design scenarios for an informal settlement . . . . . . . . 65 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Statistical tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Under-five mortality rankings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Table 1. Basic indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Table 2. Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Table 3. Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Table 4. HIV/AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Table 5. Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Table 6. Demographic indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Table 7. Economic indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Table 8. Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Table 9. Child protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Table 10. The rate of progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Table 11. Adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Table 12. Equity – Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Table 13. Equity – Household wealth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142