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国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库 变异复杂性也见于统辖关系。如一级情态存在较为固定的单向统辖序列“语气/口气)时》体)判断 然否)能愿》态”,但情态量(含频度、程度、范围)、情貌(含时间貌、处所貌、心理貌、关系貌、效果貌、社 会貌、样态貌、幅度貌、言语貌)的位序稳定性差,可在一定范围内游动,形成一个变异区间,比如它们在 一级(A)、二级(B)层次上同义或异义的统辖互逆: [同义互逆]A.{程度,态}过分(被低估)-被(过分低估);程度,能愿}特别(要细心)-要(特别细 心)。B.{处所貌,幅度貌}四处(拼命筹钱)-拼命(四处筹钱);}处所貌,社会貌}四处(公然拉客)-公 然(四处拉客);心理貌,关系貌}特意(互相回避)着-互相(特意回避)着;{社会貌,关系貌}悄悄(互 相交换诗作)-互相(悄悄地低语);{体态貌,关系貌}张口(互相嘶咬)-互相(张口撕咬)着。[异义互 逆]A.{范围,判断}都(不是)-不(都是)。 马清华(201⑦)硏究发现,这些超约朿范畴在一级情态统辖序列的参考位置上其实都有一个分布的 基点,它在变异区间的其他分布都是变异点。 [参考文献] [1 Dahl 0. The Growth and Maintenance of Linguistic Complexity [M]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2004 [2] Kusters W. Linguistic Complexity: The Influence of Social Change on Verbal Inflection [D]. University of Leiden, 2003. [3 Miestamo M. Grammatical Complexity in a Cross-linguistic Perspective[c]//M. Miestamo, etc, eds Language comples ty: Typology, Contact, Change. Amsterdam: Jol 2008:23 [4 Pike K L. The intonation of American English [M]. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1958[ 1945 [5] Sinnemaki K. Language Universals and Linguistic Complexity-Three Case Studies in Core Argument Marking [D].Uni- ersity of Helsinki, 2011 [6]戴庆厦,等西摩洛语研究[M].北京:民族出版社,2009 [7][美]菲尔墨( C.. Fillmore)(1968).“格”辨(中译本)[M]北京:商务印书馆,2012 [8][美]赫伯特·A·西蒙(H.A. . simon).人工科学(中译本)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1987 [9]黄步凡,周发成羌语研究[M].成都:四川人民出版社,2006 [1O]马清华汉语强程度标记的叠加[J]华东师范大学学报,2003,(1) [1]马清华补偿:语言的一种共时动态机制[J]修辞学习,2008,(4) [12]马清华,汪欣欣何谓语言的复杂性[J]当代修辞学,2016,(1) [13]马清华汉语情态统辖结构的整合与变异[J].山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,(1) [14]欧阳莹之复杂系统理论基础[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社,2002 The relationship of Chinese Modality Coordination and Its Complexity Ma Qinghua School of Liberal Arts, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China) Abstract: Modality system is one of the four major markup systems of language, serving for declarative com- ponents. Modality coordination means a cooperative relationship of two or more modal categories or modal markers. It is expressed in various forms in marker or marker structure. There are three kinds of modality syn- ergy components: fusion mark, part-time mark and cross-class mark. All modality synergy relations are the concentrated embodiment of the complexity of language system. This complexity is also divided into regular complexity(including conventional complexity, partial complexity )and variable complexity, and the complex- ty of variation is also seen in governing relations. For example, there is a relatively fixed unidirectional control sequence in the first level modality, but the number of modality( including frequency, degree and scope ), the appearance( including the appearance of time, the appearance of place, the psychological appearance, the re- lationship one, the effect one, aa well as the social appearance, the pattern one, the amplitude one, the speech one) is poor, and can swim within a certain range and form a variation. In the interval, these st constrained categories have a base point of distribution in the reference position of the first level modality con- trol sequence, and the other distributions in the variation interval are the variation points Key words: modality system; marking system; coordination; complex; complexi 〔责任编辑:曹金钟〕 131· 国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库 National social sciences Database变异复杂性也见于统辖关系。 如一级情态存在较为固定的单向统辖序列“语气/ 口气〉时〉体〉判断 然否〉能愿〉态”,但情态量(含频度、程度、范围)、情貌(含时间貌、处所貌、心理貌、关系貌、效果貌、社 会貌、样态貌、幅度貌、言语貌)的位序稳定性差,可在一定范围内游动,形成一个变异区间,比如它们在 一级(A)、二级(B)层次上同义或异义的统辖互逆: [同义互逆]A.{程度,态}过分(被低估)-被(过分低估);{程度,能愿}特别(要细心) -要(特别细 心)。 B.{处所貌,幅度貌}四处(拼命筹钱) -拼命(四处筹钱);{处所貌,社会貌}四处(公然拉客) -公 然(四处拉客);{心理貌,关系貌}特意(互相回避)着-互相(特意回避)着;{社会貌,关系貌}悄悄(互 相交换诗作)-互相(悄悄地低语);{体态貌,关系貌}张口(互相嘶咬) -互相(张口撕咬)着。 [异义互 逆]A.{范围,判断}都(不是)-不(都是)。 马清华(2017)研究发现,这些超约束范畴在一级情态统辖序列的参考位置上其实都有一个分布的 基点,它在变异区间的其他分布都是变异点。 [参 考 文 献] [1] Dahl O.The Growth and Maintenance of Linguistic Complexity [M]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins,2004. [2] Kusters W. Linguistic Complexity: The Influence of Social Change on Verbal Inflection [D]. University of Leiden,2003. [3] Miestamo M. Grammatical Complexity in a Cross-linguistic Perspective[C]∥ M. Miestamo, etc,eds Language complexi⁃ ty: Typology,Contact,Change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins,2008:23-41. [4] Pike K L. The intonation of American English [M]. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1958[1945]. [5] Sinnemäki K. Language Universals and Linguistic Complexity—Three Case Studies in Core Argument Marking [D]. Uni⁃ versity of Helsinki,2011. [6] 戴庆厦,等.西摩洛语研究[M].北京:民族出版社,2009. [7] [美]菲尔墨(C.J.Fillmore) (1968).“格”辨(中译本)[M].北京:商务印书馆,2012. [8] [美]赫伯特·A·西蒙(H.A.Simon).人工科学(中译本)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1987. [9] 黄步凡,周发成.羌语研究[M].成都:四川人民出版社,2006. [10] 马清华.汉语强程度标记的叠加[J].华东师范大学学报,2003,(1). [11] 马清华.补偿:语言的一种共时动态机制[J].修辞学习,2008,(4). [12] 马清华,汪欣欣.何谓语言的复杂性[J].当代修辞学,2016,(1). [13] 马清华.汉语情态统辖结构的整合与变异[J].山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,(1). [14] 欧阳莹之.复杂系统理论基础[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社,2002. The Relationship of Chinese Modality Coordination and Its Complexity Ma Qinghua (School of Liberal Arts, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China) Abstract:Modality system is one of the four major markup systems of language, serving for declarative com⁃ ponents. Modality coordination means a cooperative relationship of two or more modal categories or modal markers. It is expressed in various forms in marker or marker structure. There are three kinds of modality syn⁃ ergy components: fusion mark, part⁃time mark and cross⁃class mark. All modality synergy relations are the concentrated embodiment of the complexity of language system. This complexity is also divided into regular complexity (including conventional complexity, partial complexity) and variable complexity, and the complex⁃ ity of variation is also seen in governing relations. For example, there is a relatively fixed unidirectional control sequence in the first level modality, but the number of modality (including frequency, degree and scope), the appearance (including the appearance of time, the appearance of place, the psychological appearance, the re⁃ lationship one, the effect one, aa well as the social appearance, the pattern one , the amplitude one, the speech one) is poor, and can swim within a certain range and form a variation. In the interval, these super constrained categories have a base point of distribution in the reference position of the first level modality con⁃ trol sequence, and the other distributions in the variation interval are the variation points. Key words:modality system; marking system; coordination; complex; complexity 〔责任编辑:曹金钟〕 ·131·
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