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Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning(DSP) Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning(DSP) hr elapse timel nau ea (2.7 hr). and a"raw feeli red in 1976,asso ed wi eatified are Okadaic acid and its analogs and Dimopky本pp Pectenotoxins扇贝毒素 聚醚类化合物的特点 Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) ◆杂原子对碳原子的比例很高: ◆结构特殊。新题,分子量大 ◆活性强,刷毒:目前尚无扰毒剂 ◆广谱药效,作用机制装特: ◆多数对神经系统或心血管系统具有高特异性作用 ·海洋天然产物所特有。 聚醚类毒素 第四节肽类化合物Peptides 案能类毒家是海祥天然产物特有的一类化学结构如岩 女性 发的特森式结构。 级类7 岩沙海英毒素以符珠的作用方式作用于细胞膜具有强 经系作用 :别-红集藏 1010 109 DSP is a major public health problem even though it is not lethal. The toxic symptoms are abdominal cramps (1 hr elapse time), nausea progressing to diarrhea (2-7 hr), and a “raw”, “burning” feeling in the stomach. Diarrhea is noted in 92% of all cases, nausea in 80%, vomiting in 79%, abdominal pain in 53%, and chills in 10%. DSP was first discovered in 1976, associated with eating bivalves such as mussels, scallops or clams which have accumulated dinoflagellate toxins. Causative toxins that have been identified are Okadaic acid and its analogs and pectenotoxins. Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) 110 Okadaic acid (OA) was first isolated independently from the sponges, Halichondria okadoi kadota and H. melonodocia. Subsequently, it was found in dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum lima and Dinophysis spp. O O O O O O O HO O OH OH HO OH Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) The first total synthesis of okadaic acid was achieved in 1984 by the Isobe group . 111 Pectenotoxins 扇贝毒素 Pectenotoxin-l (PTX1) was isolated as one of the Diarrheic Shellfish Toxins from the digestive glands of the scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis found Northeastern Japan. Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) O O O O O O O R O O O O HO OH OH 7 10 PTX1 R=CH2OH R at C-7 PTX2 R=CH3 R at C-7 PTX3 R=CHO R at C-7 PTX4 R=CH2OH S at C-7 PTX5 R=COOH R at C-7 PTX6 R=COOH S at C-7 Pectenotoxins 1 5 41 47 33 42 43 44 45 46 H H 112 聚醚类化合物的特点 u 杂原子对碳原子的比例很高; u 结构特殊,新颖,分子量大; u 活性强,剧毒;目前尚无抗毒剂。 u 广谱药效,作用机制独特; u 多数对神经系统或心血管系统具有高特异性作用。 u 海洋天然产物所特有。 113 聚醚类毒素是海洋天然产物特有的一类化学结构, 如岩 沙海葵毒素(PTX ) , 西加毒素(CTX ) , 刺尾鱼毒素(M TX) 等。其药理和毒理作用机制特殊, 常作用于控制生命过程的 关键靶位, 如神经受体、离子通道、生物膜等, 已成为新药开 发的特殊模式结构。 岩沙海葵毒素以特殊的作用方式作用于细胞膜, 具有强 抑癌活性。西加毒素具有高强心活性。海葵毒素已作为强心 药物的重要先导化合物。多数海生毒素均有较强的神经毒性, 而且作用于神经离子通道, 对神经系统起重要作用。 聚醚类毒素 114 第四节 肽类化合物 Peptides u海洋生物中一大类生物活性物质,来源于除海蛇以外进化程度 较低的动物,如海绵,水母,海兔,海葵,芋螺等以及蓝绿藻。 u 由于海洋环境的特殊,组成海洋多肽类的氨基酸除了常见的 氨基酸外,还有大量的特殊氨基酸, COOH N H COOH COOH N H COOH COOH N H COOH HOOC H 47 allo-kainc acid 48 1' 5' 6' 7' 8' a-Kainic acid Domoic Acid a-红藻氨酸 别-红藻氨酸 软骨藻草酸
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