聚醚三萜 其他聚醚 AbudinolB Total more than6经 Seafood Poison Paralytie shellfish poisoning (PSP)is one of the ing caued by inges oxicated with one of four types of poisons Paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP):Saxitoxin 2.Neurotexic shelish poisom (NSP):BTX it poses serious health problems.Deterring shellfish 0 mption causes ccon 3.Diarrheticshefis pis(DSP):Okadaic Acid ic problems The history of the 4.Amnesic selfish poisons(ASP):Domoic Acid 5.Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP):CTX.MTX 6.Paffer Fish Poisoning (PFP):TTX 7.Hepatotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (HSP):YTXs Ciguatera(Seafood Poisoning) Cieuatera Fish Poiso MTX)are alse re The term to food poisoning caused by health Itise ed tha ally from such po ng Two groups of comp duced by s and tran rred to herh orous fish and rded as the nri cantd 9 9 103 Fernandez J. J. et al. Marine polyehter triterpenes. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2000, 17, 235-246. 聚 醚 三 萜 Total more than 65 O O HO OH H H Abudinol B Testudinariol B O O OH HO H H H H 104 O O O O + HN HO OH O COO￾H 1 O O O O + HN HO O H 2 OH COO￾O 1975至1981年间日本人因吃牡蛎Pinna pectinata而发生食物中毒的多达 2500人，1995年上村大埔等从牡蛎P. pectinata中分离出4个毒性成分 pinnatoxins A-D，其中pinnatoxins A (1)和D (2)的结构已经确定，它们都 是Ca2+通道激动剂。 1. Uemura, D., Chou, T., Haino, T., Nagatsu, A., Fukuzawa, S., Zheng, S., Chen, H-S., Pinnatoxin, A., 1995. A toxic amphoteric macrocycle from the Okinawan bivalve Pinna muricata. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 1155-1156. 其 他 聚 醚 Pinnatoxins A and D as a major cause of food poisoning. 105 Seafood Poison • Seafood poisoning is usually caused by ingestion of shellfish toxicated with one of four types of poisons 1. Paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP): Saxitoxin 2. Neurotoxic shellfish poisons (NSP): BTX 3. Diarrhetic shellfish poisons (DSP) : Okadaic Acid 4. Amnesic shellfish poisons (ASP) : Domoic Acid 5. Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP): CTX, MTX 6. Puffer Fish Poisoning (PFP): TTX 7. Hepatotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (HSP): YTXs 106 Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is one of the most severe forms of food poisoning caused by ingestion of seafood. It is acute and often fatal. There is no effective way to destroy the toxins or to treat the patients. Therefore, it poses serious health problems. Deterring shellfish consumption causes economic problems. The history of the poisoning goes back to prehistoric days and the incidents due to the consumption of toxic shellfish are well documented. 107 The term ciguatera is used to food poisoning caused by ingestion of toxic coral reef fish. Ciguatera not only endangers public health. It is estimated that roughly 20,000 people suffer annually from such poisoning. Two groups of compounds implicated in the poisoning are ciguatoxin and maitotoxin. Both groups of toxins are produced by dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus and transferred to herbivorous fish and subsequently to carnivores through the food chain. Ciguatoxin is regarded as the principal toxin responsible for human illness. Ciguatera (Seafood Poisoning) 108 Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP, such as CTX and MTX) are also responsible for many of the massive fish kills which have been observed throughout history and around the world. O O O O O O O O O O O O O H H H H H HO H H H H OH H OH H H H H H H H H H H OH HO OH CTX O O O O O O O O OH HO HO Me Me Me H Me H H H H H H H H H H H Me Gambierol