Unit 15 Organizational Culture-Competitive Advantage 企业文化一竞争优势 √Learning objectives In this unit students will learn words and expressions related to organizational culture. ● Students will learn to talk the foundation and the characteristics of organizational culture Background reading Notes: 1.synonym The term organizational culture first appeared casually in English-language literature in the 1960s as a synonym of"climate" 2.socialization社会化，社会主义化Every time an employee joins a new organization,he or she has to go through a socialization process. 3.implicit暗示的，含蓄的He interpreted her condemnation of recent political developments as an implicit criticism of the government. 4.visibility可见性，明显度Fog is still causing problems,and visibility in some areas is down to two meters. 5.resistance反抗，抵抗力Each level varies in terms of outward visibility and resistance to change. 6.acronym只取首字母的缩'写词AIDS is an acronym for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 7.ritual Football players have a ritual of touching and hugging each other after a goal. &.causality因果关系Causality is the principle that there us a cause for everything that happens. Answers to the comprehension questions: 1.What is the definition of organizational culture given in the text? Organizational culture is defined as "the set of shared,taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives,thinks about, and reacts to its various environments." 2.What are the three characteristics of organizational culture? First,organizational culture is passed on to new employees through the process of socialization.Second,organizational culture influences our behavior at work. Finally,organizational culture operates at two different levels-visible and less visible. 3.How does organizational culture operate at both more visible and less visible level?Unit 15 Organizational Culture—Competitive Advantage 企业文化—竞争优势 3 Learning objectives z In this unit students will learn words and expressions related to organizational culture. z Students will learn to talk the foundation and the characteristics of organizational culture. Background reading Notes: 1 .synonym 同义词 The term organizational culture first appeared casually in English-language literature in the 1960s as a synonym of “climate”. 2. socialization 社会化，社会主义化 Every time an employee joins a new organization, he or she has to go through a socialization process. 3. implicit 暗示的， 含蓄的 He interpreted her condemnation of recent political developments as an implicit criticism of the government. 4. visibility 可见性， 明显度 Fog is still causing problems, and visibility in some areas is down to two meters. 5. resistance 反抗，抵抗力 Each level varies in terms of outward visibility and resistance to change. 6. acronym 只取首字母的缩写词 AIDS is an acronym for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 7. ritual 礼节 Football players have a ritual of touching and hugging each other after a goal. 8. causality 因果关系 Causality is the principle that there us a cause for everything that happens. Answers to the comprehension questions: 1. What is the definition of organizational culture given in the text? Organizational culture is defined as “the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.” 2. What are the three characteristics of organizational culture? First, organizational culture is passed on to new employees through the process of socialization. Second, organizational culture influences our behavior at work. Finally, organizational culture operates at two different levels—visible and less visible. 3. How does organizational culture operate at both more visible and less visible level? 1