ph can cause protein a/g itself to leak off the column and appear in the eluted sample.gentle elution buffer systems that employ high salt concentrations are available to avoid exposing sensitive antibodies to low pH. Cost is aso an important consideration with this method because immobilized protenA/G is a more expensive resin To achieve maximum purity in a single step,affinity purification can be performed,using the antigen to provide specificity for the antibo ody.In this method the antigen used to genera ach The antibody-containing media is then incubated with the immobilized antigen,either in batch or as the antibody is passed through a column,where it selectively binds and can be retained while impurities are ombtter orore tl,gufestheever Antibody heterogeneity These varants are typicallyrn varanB,oxidized amino acid side chains,as well as amin These seemingly minute structural nty and proce on as we as th product poten monoclonal antibodies includes ca re of the p get with protein a elutio acidification to inactivate potential mammalian viruses,followed by ion chromatography,first with anion beads and then with cation beads. Displacement chromatography has been used to identify and characterize these often unseen variants in re suitable for subsequnt preal evluation remens such asmal phaacoknic Knowledge gained during the preclinical development phase is critical for enhan ed produc ing and prov gement anc sand pro Recombinant display ast.rather than mice.These techniques rely on rapid cloning of immun lobulin gene segments to create libraries of antibodieshy different amino aid seqencefrom which antibodies specificities can be selected The phage antibody libraries are a variant of phage antigen librarie techniques can be use to e with which an Chimeric antibodies While structurally similar,differences between mouse and human antibodies were suffic ent to voke ar and the ent-mot antibodies (HAMA)