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·384· 工程科学学报,第37卷,第3期 行处理.两种小波变换在未经过平移处理情况下的频 过完备小波的处理效果还是很明显,而使用d5小波 谱分析见图8.从图中可以看出对称平移不变分数阶 的处理结果依然不是很理想 0.40 (a) .6 0.35 0.30 04 0.25 0.20 03 0.15 0.2 0.10 0.05 50 100150200250300350400450500 50 100 150 200 250 频率1z 顿率H 图8使用对称分数阶过完备小波(a)和dh5(b)的频谱分析 Fig.8 Spectral analysis of data using the symmetrical shift-invariant fractional overcomplete wavelet (a)and db5 (b) 由上述实验可以看出,对称分数阶过完备小波变 forms with rational dilation factors.IEEE Trans Signal Process, 换对于故障信号的检测分析效果更为理想,而由于其 2009,57(1):131 B3]Mao Y F,Oin S R,Qin Y.Application of reassigned spectrogram 具有近似平移不变特性,对平移后的信号再作检测分 and multiple-window spectrum in mechanical fault diagnosis.J Vib 析,依然可以明确地显示出故障点,相比普通二带小波 Shok,2009,28(1):161 有明显的优势,因此对于故障检测这一领域,对称分数 (毛永芳,秦树人,秦毅.重分配谱图和多窗谱在机械故障诊 阶过完备小波变换完全适用 断中的应用.振动与冲击,2009,28(1):161) 4]Mao Y F,Oin S R,Qin Y.Demodulation based on harmonic 4结论 wavelet and its application into rotary machinery fault diagnosis. Chin J Mech Eng,2009.22(3)419 (1)基于分数阶过完备小波变换的理论基础,提 [5]Li Y,Guo Y.Faults diagnose of rolling bearing's out-ting based 出了一种新的具有对称性的分数阶过完备小波变换滤 on continuous wavelet transformation.Dee Innotation Mach Electr 波器组的构造方法.该方法首先构造出了具有最小长 Pod,2009,22(1):100 度的低通滤波器,并给出了相应表达式,然后通过拓普 (李阳,郭瑜.基于连续小波变换的滚动轴承外围故障检测 机电产品开发与创新,2009,22(1):100) 利兹矩阵分解法,求解出对应的高通滤波器,完成滤波 6] Zhang YY,Pan H X,Zheng M Y.Rolling bearings fault diagno- 器组的设计.该方法不仅计算复杂度小于其他方法, sis based on wavelet packet and Hilbert envelope analysis.Elec- 而且还为小波增加了一些特性,优化了分数阶过完备 tron Test,2010(6)20 小波变换. (张盈盈,潘宏侠,郑茂远.基于小波包和Hl山t包络分析的 (2)将分数阶对称过完备小波变换应用到轴承故 滚动轴承故障诊断方法.电子测试,2010(6):20) 7]Katunin A.The construction of high-order b-pline wavelets and 障诊断,使用文中构造的分数阶对称过完备小波对故 their decomposition relations for fault detection and localisation in 障信号及其平移信号进行检测分析,并与普通二带小 composite beams.Sci Probl Mach Oper Maint,2011,46(3):43 波进行对比实验,其结果显示分数阶对称过完备小波 B] Bymnes JS,Hargreaves K A,Berry K.Warelets and Their Appli- 完全可以检测出故障特征,并且其精度要明显高,证明 cations.Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1994 了其更好的时频特性和近似平移不变等特点.另外, 9]Blu T.Iterated filter banks with rational rate changes connection with discrete wavelet transforms.IEEE Trans Signal Process, 文中使用的故障信号受到强噪声干扰,在去除噪声后 1993,41(12):3232 使用d5小波也能够检测出故障频率,可以看出对称 [1o] Bayram I,Selesnick I W.Design of orthonormal and overcom- 平移不变分数阶过完备小波较好的抗干扰能力. plete wavelet transforms based on rational sampling factors / Processing SPIE:Warelet Applications in Industrial Processing V. 参考文献 Boston,2007 [Mao Y F,Qin Y,Tang B P.Fault diagnosis of bearing based on 01] Petrosian A,Meyer F G.Warelets in Signal and Image Analysis: overcomplete rational wavelet transform.J Vib Meas Diagn,2011, from Theory to Practice.MA:Kluwer,2001 31(5):626 [12]Selesnick I W.A higher density discrete wavelet transform. (毛永芳,秦毅,汤宝平.过完备有理小波变换在轴承故障诊 IEEE Trans Signal Process,2006,54(8)3039 断中的应用.振动、测试与诊断,2011,31(5):626) [3]Kucera V.Factorization of rational spectral matrices:a survey of 2]Bayram I,Selesnick I W.Overcomplete discrete wavelet trans- methods /Intemational Conference on Control.Edinburgh,1991工程科学学报,第 37 卷,第 3 期 行处理. 两种小波变换在未经过平移处理情况下的频 谱分析见图 8. 从图中可以看出对称平移不变分数阶 过完备小波的处理效果还是很明显,而使用 db5 小波 的处理结果依然不是很理想. 图 8 使用对称分数阶过完备小波( a) 和 db5( b) 的频谱分析 Fig. 8 Spectral analysis of data using the symmetrical shift-invariant fractional overcomplete wavelet ( a) and db5 ( b) 由上述实验可以看出,对称分数阶过完备小波变 换对于故障信号的检测分析效果更为理想,而由于其 具有近似平移不变特性,对平移后的信号再作检测分 析,依然可以明确地显示出故障点,相比普通二带小波 有明显的优势,因此对于故障检测这一领域,对称分数 阶过完备小波变换完全适用. 4 结论 ( 1) 基于分数阶过完备小波变换的理论基础,提 出了一种新的具有对称性的分数阶过完备小波变换滤 波器组的构造方法. 该方法首先构造出了具有最小长 度的低通滤波器,并给出了相应表达式,然后通过拓普 利兹矩阵分解法,求解出对应的高通滤波器,完成滤波 器组的设计. 该方法不仅计算复杂度小于其他方法, 而且还为小波增加了一些特性,优化了分数阶过完备 小波变换. ( 2) 将分数阶对称过完备小波变换应用到轴承故 障诊断,使用文中构造的分数阶对称过完备小波对故 障信号及其平移信号进行检测分析,并与普通二带小 波进行对比实验,其结果显示分数阶对称过完备小波 完全可以检测出故障特征,并且其精度要明显高,证明 了其更好的时频特性和近似平移不变等特点. 另外, 文中使用的故障信号受到强噪声干扰,在去除噪声后 使用 db5 小波也能够检测出故障频率,可以看出对称 平移不变分数阶过完备小波较好的抗干扰能力. 参 考 文 献 [1] Mao Y F,Qin Y,Tang B P. Fault diagnosis of bearing based on overcomplete rational wavelet transform. J Vib Meas Diagn,2011, 31( 5) : 626 ( 毛永芳,秦毅,汤宝平. 过完备有理小波变换在轴承故障诊 断中的应用. 振动、测试与诊断,2011,31( 5) : 626) [2] Bayram I,Selesnick I W. Overcomplete discrete wavelet trans￾forms with rational dilation factors. IEEE Trans Signal Process, 2009,57( 1) : 131 [3] Mao Y F,Qin S R,Qin Y. Application of reassigned spectrogram and multiple-window spectrum in mechanical fault diagnosis. J Vib Shock,2009,28( 1) : 161 ( 毛永芳,秦树人,秦毅. 重分配谱图和多窗谱在机械故障诊 断中的应用. 振动与冲击,2009,28( 1) : 161) [4] Mao Y F,Qin S R,Qin Y. Demodulation based on harmonic wavelet and its application into rotary machinery fault diagnosis. Chin J Mech Eng,2009,22( 3) : 419 [5] Li Y,Guo Y. Faults diagnose of rolling bearing's out-ring based on continuous wavelet transformation. Dev Innovation Mach Electr Prod,2009,22( 1) : 100 ( 李阳,郭瑜. 基于连续小波变换的滚动轴承外圈故障检测. 机电产品开发与创新,2009,22( 1) : 100) [6] Zhang Y Y,Pan H X,Zheng M Y. Rolling bearings fault diagno￾sis based on wavelet packet and Hilbert envelope analysis. Elec￾tron Test,2010( 6) : 20 ( 张盈盈,潘宏侠,郑茂远. 基于小波包和 Hilbert 包络分析的 滚动轴承故障诊断方法. 电子测试,2010( 6) : 20) [7] Katunin A. The construction of high-order b-spline wavelets and their decomposition relations for fault detection and localisation in composite beams. Sci Probl Mach Oper Maint,2011,46( 3) : 43 [8] Byrnes J S,Hargreaves K A,Berry K. Wavelets and Their Appli￾cations. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers,1994 [9] Blu T. Iterated filter banks with rational rate changes connection with discrete wavelet transforms. IEEE Trans Signal Process, 1993,41( 12) : 3232 [10] Bayram I,Selesnick I W. Design of orthonormal and overcom￾plete wavelet transforms based on rational sampling factors / / Processing SPIE: Wavelet Applications in Industrial Processing V. Boston,2007 [11] Petrosian A,Meyer F G. Wavelets in Signal and Image Analysis: from Theory to Practice. MA: Kluwer,2001 [12] Selesnick I W. A higher density discrete wavelet transform. IEEE Trans Signal Process,2006,54( 8) : 3039 [13] Kucera V. Factorization of rational spectral matrices: a survey of methods / / International Conference on Control. Edinburgh,1991 · 483 ·
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