碰肖经海食多大号 高级商务英语阅读 price competitive and U.S.imports more attractive,contributing to the trade deficit. In the view of the Democratic Commissioners,the U.S.'large and growing trade and current account deficits are caused by a number of long-and short-term factors. Key long-term factors include: Unequal relationships with America's major trading partners.The U.S.market is more open to imports than any other country in the world.High non-tariff barriers to trade in foreign markets are an important cause of this problem. Predatory practices,such as dumping,that have increased U.S.imports. Foreign government subsidies to foreign companies for research,development,and production that have not been effectively challenged or countered by the U.S.government. Multinational corporations driving globalization.U.S.firms have been world leaders in eliminating jobs at home and moving production technology and production offshore. The loss of competitiveness of U.S.firms on the one hand,with developing countries that depress workers'rights,environmental standards,and workers'wages so as to lower costs and unfairly compete for larger shares of the U.S.market,and,on the other hand,with those from Europe and Japan because they often have higher levels of productivity growth than the United States. The failure of other nations,especially in developing countries,to enforce their labor and environmental laws and observe internationally recognized labor standards. Low rates of saving in the United States,which have also contributed to trade and current account problems. Short-term factors have also contributed to the growth of the trade deficit.These include:(1)higher oil prices,(2)the increase in the value of the dollar since 1995 that has made imports cheaper and the price of their exports more expensive to foreign buyers,and(3)slow economic growth in other countries.We also found that the U.S.manufacturing sector accounts for most of the U.S.trade deficit.Manufacturing industries will have to expand significantly if the United States is going to respond effectively to trade deficits and globalization.To do this,the United States will need new trade and development policies that will help rebuild manufacturing and reduce unfair barriers to trade around the world.They also need new tools to encourage U.S.multinationals to maintain 第4页共7页高级商务英语阅读 price competitive and U.S. imports more attractive, contributing to the trade deficit. In the view of the Democratic Commissioners, the U.S.' large and growing trade and current account deficits are caused by a number of long- and short-term factors. Key long-term factors include: • Unequal relationships with America’s major trading partners. The U.S. market is more open to imports than any other country in the world. High non-tariff barriers to trade in foreign markets are an important cause of this problem. • Predatory practices, such as dumping, that have increased U.S. imports. • Foreign government subsidies to foreign companies for research, development, and production that have not been effectively challenged or countered by the U.S. government. • Multinational corporations driving globalization. U.S. firms have been world leaders in eliminating jobs at home and moving production technology and production offshore. • The loss of competitiveness of U.S. firms on the one hand, with developing countries that depress workers’ rights, environmental standards, and workers’ wages so as to lower costs and unfairly compete for larger shares of the U.S. market, and, on the other hand, with those from Europe and Japan because they often have higher levels of productivity growth than the United States. • The failure of other nations, especially in developing countries, to enforce their labor and environmental laws and observe internationally recognized labor standards. • Low rates of saving in the United States, which have also contributed to trade and current account problems. Short-term factors have also contributed to the growth of the trade deficit. These include: (1) higher oil prices, (2) the increase in the value of the dollar since 1995 that has made imports cheaper and the price of their exports more expensive to foreign buyers, and (3) slow economic growth in other countries. We also found that the U.S. manufacturing sector accounts for most of the U.S. trade deficit. Manufacturing industries will have to expand significantly if the United States is going to respond effectively to trade deficits and globalization. To do this, the United States will need new trade and development policies that will help rebuild manufacturing and reduce unfair barriers to trade around the world. They also need new tools to encourage U.S. multinationals to maintain 第 4 页 共 7 页