1.3.1 Energy budget Reflected Solar Incoming 235 107 Outgoing Radiation 342 Solar Longwave 107Wm2 Radiation Radiation 342Wm2 235Wm-2 Reflected by Clouds, Aerosol and Atmospheric Emitted by 40 Gases Atmosphere/ 165 Atmospheric 77 30 Window Emitted by Clouds, Absorbed by Greenhouse Atmosphere Gases Latent 78 Heat 分 Reflected by 350 40 324 Surface Back 30 Radiation 390 168 24 78 Surface Absorbed by Thermals Evapo- Radiation 324 Surface transpiration Absorbed by Surface FAQ 1.1,Figure 1.Estimate of the Earth's annual and global mean energy balance.Over the long term,the amount of incoming solar radiation absorbed by the Earth and atmosphere is balanced by the Earth and atmosphere releasing the same amount of outooing longwave radlation.About half of the incoming solar radlation is absorbed by the Earth's surface.This energy is transferred to the atmosphere by warming the air in contact with the surface (thermals),by evapotranspiration and by longwave radiation that is bsorbed by clouds and greenhouse gases.The atmosphere in tum radiates longwave energy back to Earth as well as out to space.Source:Kiehl and Trenberth (1997). 1.3.1 Energy budget