工程科学学报，第37卷，第10期：1331-1337,2015年10月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.37,No.10:1331-1337,October 2015 D0:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2015.10.012;htp:/journals.ustb.edu.cm 基于直流电压降法的传热管疲劳裂纹扩展速率测量 陈凯”，杜东海”，张乐福四，徐雪莲”，石秀强”，孟凡江2)，鲍一晨”， 刘晓强” 1)上海交通大学核科学与工程学院，上海2002402)上海核工程研究设计院，上海200233 ☒通信作者，E-mail:lfzhang(@sjtu.cdu.cn 摘要介绍了基于直流电压降法测量蒸汽发生器传热管690合金轴向疲劳裂纹扩展速率的销加载拉伸方法.该方法与其 他方法相比较，可以直接采用原始管状材料，在线连续测量管状试样在不同应力强度因子下的疲劳裂纹扩展.通过对标准紧 凑拉伸试样的类比分析，建立传热管试样的销加载拉伸模型，并对该模型进行电学和力学有限元模拟分析，确定直流电压降 数据采集方法.验证试验采用核电蒸汽发生器用690合金传热管，分别研究了室温和高温325℃空气中载荷和温度对材料疲 劳裂纹扩展速率的影响，试验结果采用Pais-Erdogan公式进行拟合，吻合度较好.扫描电镜下观察端口形貌，疲劳裂纹的扩 展为穿晶形式，在穿晶新口上观察到明显的疲劳辉纹和微塑性区. 关键词镍铬铁合金：薄壁管：裂纹扩展速率：电压降法 分类号TG146.1·5:TL341 Fatigue crack growth rate measurement of steam generator tubes based on DCPD method CHEN Kai,DU Dong-hai,ZHANG Lefu,XU Xue-lian,SHI Xiu-qiang?,MENG Fan-jiang?,BAO Yi-chen?, U Xiao--qiang》 1)School of Nuclear Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China 2)Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute,Shanghai 200233,China Corresponding author,E-mail:Ifzhang@sjtu.edu.cn ABSTRACT A new testing method based on direct current potential drop (DCPD)and pin loading tension (PLT)method was introduced for evaluating the fatigue crack growth rate of steam generator tubes.In analogy to compact tension (CT)specimens,a testing model was established by using thin-walled tube specimens,and the corresponding mechanical and electrical finite element analyses were made respectively,which determined the data acquisition plan based on DCPD method.Fatigue test was taken on nick- el-based alloy 690 used for nuclear power steam generators,and the effects of applied load and temperature were discussed.The result was modeled with the Paris-Erdogan equation and accorded well with this model.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)examination of the fatigue fracture surfaces revealed transgranular attack,and the transgranular regions of the fatigue fracture surfaces were covered with striation-like features. KEY WORDS nickel chromium iron alloys:thin-walled tubes:crack growth rate:potential drop method 蒸汽发生器传热管一旦存在微小裂纹，由于内外 全运行.这些裂纹可能是在制造、加工或安装过程 压力波动、热应力、机械振动、流致震动等的作用，非常 中出现的缺陷，也有可能是在运行过程中由极其微小 容易遭受疲劳、腐蚀疲劳等破坏，严重威胁核电厂的安 的裂纹发展而来.目前已经有几种针对传热管裂纹萌 收稿日期：201406-15 基金项目：国家科技重大专项资助项目(2010ZX06004018)工程科学学报，第 37 卷，第 10 期: 1331--1337，2015 年 10 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering，Vol． 37，No． 10: 1331--1337，October 2015 DOI: 10． 13374 /j． issn2095--9389． 2015． 10． 012; http: / /journals． ustb． edu． cn 基于直流电压降法的传热管疲劳裂纹扩展速率测量 陈 凯1) ，杜东海1) ，张乐福1) ，徐雪莲2) ，石秀强2) ，孟凡江2) ，鲍一晨2) ， 刘晓强2) 1) 上海交通大学核科学与工程学院，上海 200240 2) 上海核工程研究设计院，上海 200233  通信作者，E-mail: lfzhang@ sjtu． edu． cn 摘 要 介绍了基于直流电压降法测量蒸汽发生器传热管 690 合金轴向疲劳裂纹扩展速率的销加载拉伸方法． 该方法与其 他方法相比较，可以直接采用原始管状材料，在线连续测量管状试样在不同应力强度因子下的疲劳裂纹扩展． 通过对标准紧 凑拉伸试样的类比分析，建立传热管试样的销加载拉伸模型，并对该模型进行电学和力学有限元模拟分析，确定直流电压降 数据采集方法． 验证试验采用核电蒸汽发生器用 690 合金传热管，分别研究了室温和高温 325 ℃空气中载荷和温度对材料疲 劳裂纹扩展速率的影响，试验结果采用 Paris--Erdogan 公式进行拟合，吻合度较好． 扫描电镜下观察端口形貌，疲劳裂纹的扩 展为穿晶形式，在穿晶断口上观察到明显的疲劳辉纹和微塑性区． 关键词 镍铬铁合金; 薄壁管; 裂纹扩展速率; 电压降法 分类号 TG146. 1 + 5; TL341 Fatigue crack growth rate measurement of steam generator tubes based on DCPD method CHEN Kai 1) ，DU Dong-hai 1) ，ZHANG Le-fu1)  ，XU Xue-lian2) ，SHI Xiu-qiang2) ，MENG Fan-jiang2) ，BAO Yi-chen2) ， LIU Xiao-qiang2) 1) School of Nuclear Science and Engineering，Shanghai Jiao Tong University，Shanghai 200240，China 2) Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Ｒesearch and Design Institute，Shanghai 200233，China  Corresponding author，E-mail: lfzhang@ sjtu． edu． cn ABSTＲACT A new testing method based on direct current potential drop ( DCPD) and pin loading tension ( PLT) method was introduced for evaluating the fatigue crack growth rate of steam generator tubes． In analogy to compact tension ( CT) specimens，a testing model was established by using thin-walled tube specimens，and the corresponding mechanical and electrical finite element analyses were made respectively，which determined the data acquisition plan based on DCPD method． Fatigue test was taken on nick￾el-based alloy 690 used for nuclear power steam generators，and the effects of applied load and temperature were discussed． The result was modeled with the Paris--Erdogan equation and accorded well with this model． Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) examination of the fatigue fracture surfaces revealed transgranular attack，and the transgranular regions of the fatigue fracture surfaces were covered with striation-like features． KEY WOＲDS nickel chromium iron alloys; thin-walled tubes; crack growth rate; potential drop method 收稿日期: 2014--06--15 基金项目: 国家科技重大专项资助项目( 2010ZX06004--018) 蒸汽发生器传热管一旦存在微小裂纹，由于内外 压力波动、热应力、机械振动、流致震动等的作用，非常 容易遭受疲劳、腐蚀疲劳等破坏，严重威胁核电厂的安 全运行［1--2］． 这些裂纹可能是在制造、加工或安装过程 中出现的缺陷，也有可能是在运行过程中由极其微小 的裂纹发展而来． 目前已经有几种针对传热管裂纹萌