Emergency cases: foreign body, traumatism, hematorrhea laryngeal obstruction Tumor: carcinoma of nasopharynx, carcinoma of larynx. carcinoma of rhinosinus. carcinoma of middle ear 2, Relationship with other organs Nose-orbit, anterior cranial fossa, sellar area, oral cavity Ear--middle and posterior skull base, clivus, rhinopharynx Pharynx and larynx--oral cavity, rhinopharynx, trachea and bronchi, esophagus, obstructive sleep apnea syndrom(osa) Infective focus -rheumatic fever. arthritis. cardiac disorder nephritisEmergency cases：foreign body, traumatism, hematorrhea, laryngeal obstruction … Tumor：carcinoma of nasopharynx, carcinoma of larynx, carcinoma of rhinosinus, carcinoma of middle ear... 2、Relationship with other organs Nose—orbit, anterior cranial fossa, sellar area, oral cavity Ear—middle and posterior skull base, clivus, rhinopharynx Pharynx and larynx—oral cavity, rhinopharynx, trachea and bronchi, esophagus, obstructive sleep apnea syndrom(OSA) Infective focus—rheumatic fever, arthritis, cardiac disorder, nephritis…