耳四学
Introduction The tasks of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ORL) Study: ORL and esophagus, trachea and bronchi--anatomy physiology and diseases 1, The function & features of organs in ORL Special function: audition, olfaction, sense of taste, balance Physiologic function: respiratory function, phonatory function and deglutitory function, immune defensive function Ordinary diseases: otitis media, rhinitis and sinusitis pharyngitis and tonsillitis, laryngitis, deafness
Introduction The tasks of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ORL) Study：ORL and esophagus, trachea and bronchi—anatomy, physiology and diseases 1、The function & features of organs in ORL Special function：audition, olfaction, sense of taste, balance Physiologic function：respiratory function，phonatory function and deglutitory function，immune defensive function. Ordinary diseases：otitis media, rhinitis and sinusitis, pharyngitis and tonsillitis, laryngitis, deafness
Emergency cases: foreign body, traumatism, hematorrhea laryngeal obstruction Tumor: carcinoma of nasopharynx, carcinoma of larynx. carcinoma of rhinosinus. carcinoma of middle ear 2, Relationship with other organs Nose-orbit, anterior cranial fossa, sellar area, oral cavity Ear--middle and posterior skull base, clivus, rhinopharynx Pharynx and larynx--oral cavity, rhinopharynx, trachea and bronchi, esophagus, obstructive sleep apnea syndrom(osa) Infective focus -rheumatic fever. arthritis. cardiac disorder nephritis
Emergency cases：foreign body, traumatism, hematorrhea, laryngeal obstruction … Tumor：carcinoma of nasopharynx, carcinoma of larynx, carcinoma of rhinosinus, carcinoma of middle ear... 2、Relationship with other organs Nose—orbit, anterior cranial fossa, sellar area, oral cavity Ear—middle and posterior skull base, clivus, rhinopharynx Pharynx and larynx—oral cavity, rhinopharynx, trachea and bronchi, esophagus, obstructive sleep apnea syndrom(OSA) Infective focus—rheumatic fever, arthritis, cardiac disorder, nephritis…
3, Development ofotorhinolaryngology: CT, MRI, microscope, endoscope, navigation system, head neck surgery, otoneurosurgery, skull base surgery, rhinoneurosurgery The educational aims of otorhinolaryngology Aims: Methods of examination for ORL, diagnosis treatment, and prevention of the diseases in Orl
3、Development of otorhinolaryngology： CT, MRI, microscope, endoscope, navigation system, head neck surgery, otoneurosurgery, skull base surgery, rhinoneurosurgery.….. The educational aims of otorhinolaryngology Aims：Methods of examination for ORL，diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the diseases in ORL
Anatomy of the nose External nose 翼大软营 Cartilago alaris major -Os nasale- 外测脚内 Crus laterale Crus 鼻外側软骨 Cartilago nasi lateralis 鼻副软骨 Cartilagines nasales accessoriae 鼻翼大软骨 鼻中隔软骨 右側面观 前面观 Right lateral aspect Anterior aspect Inferior as
Anatomy of the nose External nose
Nasal cavity and sinuses Nasal cavity---nasal vestibule, nasal fossa proper Nasal septum(septal cartilage, vomer, perpendicular plate) Lateral wall of the nose: turbinate, meatus, olfactory sulcus
Nasal cavity and sinuses Nasal cavity---nasal vestibule，nasal fossa proper； Nasal septum(septal cartilage, vomer, perpendicular plate)， Lateral wall of the nose: turbinate, meatus, olfactory sulcus
额窦 frontal sinus 鸡冠 crista galli 蝶筛隐窝 脑膜中动脉沟 sphenoethmoidal recess suleus for middle meningeal a. 上鼻甲 垂体窝 superior nasal concha hypophysial fossa 中鼻甲一 middle nasal concha 蝶窦1 上鼻道 aperture of sphenoidal sinus superior nasal meatus 蝶窦 上颌窦裂孔“ sphenoidal sinus maxillary hiatus 卜鼻甲 中鼻道 midlle nasal meatus inferior nasal concha/ 下鼻道 水平板 垂直板(肥骨) interior nasal meatus 切牙管 incisive canal 的M、牙被 horizontal plate perpendicular plate(palatine bone coke nc process 图77骨性鼻腔外侧壁(1) The lateral wall of the bony nasal cavity(1)
inferior turbinate& inferior meatus(下鼻甲、下鼻道) middle turbinate& middle meatus(中鼻甲、中鼻道) superior turbinate& superior meatus(上鼻甲、上鼻道)
inferior turbinate & inferior meatus（下鼻甲、下鼻道） middle turbinate & middle meatus （中鼻甲、中鼻道） superior turbinate & superior meatus（上鼻甲、上鼻道）
额窦 蝶窦 Sinus frontalis Sinus sphenoidalis 垂体窝 上鼻甲 Fossa hypophysial Concha nasalis supe 鼻道 Meatus nasi superIor Os nasale 蝶朋孔 Foramen sphenopalatinum Concha nasalis media 中鼻道 Meatus nasi medius 下鼻甲 Concha nasalis inferior (翼突)外侧板 Lamina lateralis (processus ptery goiden) (翼突)内侧板 牙管 Lamina medialis( processus pterygoideI) nalis incisivuS 下鼻道 Meatus nasi inferior 示鼻甲及鼻道 Showing the nasal conchae and meatuses
前小房开口(筛窦) Opening of cellulae anteriores Sinus frontalis 探针通蝶室口 Specillum in apertura sinus sphe 探针通额窦 房开口(筛窦) Specillum in sinus frontal ening of cellulae mediae 后小房开口 Opening of c图 posteriores 钩突 筛泡 Bulla ethmoidalis 探针通鼻泪管 Specillum in canali nasolacrimal 垂直板(聘骨) Lamina perp endiculanis (Os palatinum y 水。平板(腭骨) Lamina horizontalis t Os palatinum y 切除部分鼻甲,示鼻旁窦及鼻泪管开口 Parts of the conchae have been removed to show the orifices of paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal canal