Contents|vii Olfaction 172 Neural Pathways of Olfaction 173 The Role of Sniffing in Olfactory Perception 174 One Nose,Two Odors 175 176 vays of Gustation 176 Gustatory Processing 178 Somatosensation 179 Neural Pathways of Somatosensation 179 Somatosensory Pro sing 180 nsory Corte 181 184 Vision 184 Neural Pathways of Vision 184 Cortical Visual Areas 187 From Sensation to Perception 197 Where Are Percepts Formed? 197 Individual Differences in Perception 200 Deficits in Visual Perception 201 Deficits in Color Pere ption: sia 203 Perception Without a Visual Cortex 206 Multimodal Perception: Failures in Object Recognition I See what You're Savin'207 The Big Picture 236 Multimodal Processing in the Brain 208 Apperceptive Agnosia 23 Errors in multimodal p Integrative Agnosia 23 Synesthesia 211 Associative Agnosia 240 Perceptual Reorganization 213 241 6 Object Recognition 218 241 heories of Category Principles of Object Recognition 220 Specificity 243 Multiple Pathways for Visual Perception 222 Prosopagnosia ls a Failure to Recognize The Whatand Where Pathways 224 Faces 246 entational Diffe n the Dorsal and Ven tral st 224 Regions d in Face Perception for ldentificati nVersus Recognitic Perception for Action 25 Parts and Wholes in Visual Perc tior Computational Problems in Object Faces Are Processed in a Holistic Manne Recognition 228 Does the Visual System Contain Other Variability in Sensory Information 230 Categorv-Specific Systems?258 View-De ndent Versus View-Invari Mind Reading 261 Recognition 231 Encoding and De coding Brain Sig 261 Shape Encoding 232 tatisti l Pattern Re <63 Grandmother Cells and Ensemble Coding 233 A Look Into the Future of Mind Reading 266 Summary of Computational Problems 236 Contents | vii Olfaction 172 Neural Pathways of Olfaction 173 The Role of Sniffi ng in Olfactory Perception 174 One Nose, Two Odors 175 Gustation 176 Neural Pathways of Gustation 176 Gustatory Processing 178 Somatosensation 179 Neural Pathways of Somatosensation 179 Somatosensory Processing 180 Plasticity in the Somatosensory Cortex 181 Mechanisms of Cortical Plasticity 184 Vision 184 Neural Pathways of Vision 184 Cortical Visual Areas 187 From Sensation to Perception 197 Where Are Percepts Formed? 197 Individual Differences in Perception 200 Defi cits in Visual Perception 201 Defi cits in Color Perception: Achromatopsia 201 Defi cits in Motion Perception: Akinetopsia 203 Perception Without a Visual Cortex 206 Multimodal Perception: I See What You’re Sayin’ 207 Multimodal Processing in the Brain 208 Errors in Multimodal Processing: Synesthesia 211 Perceptual Reorganization 213 6 Object Recognition 218 Principles of Object Recognition 220 Multiple Pathways for Visual Perception 222 The What and Where Pathways 224 Representational Differences Between the Dorsal and Ventral Streams 224 Perception for Identifi cation Versus Perception for Action 225 Computational Problems in Object Recognition 228 Variability in Sensory Information 230 View-Dependent Versus View-Invariant Recognition 231 Shape Encoding 232 Grandmother Cells and Ensemble Coding 233 Summary of Computational Problems 236 Failures in Object Recognition: The Big Picture 236 Apperceptive Agnosia 237 Integrative Agnosia 239 Associative Agnosia 240 Category Specifi city in Agnosia: The Devil Is in the Details 241 Animate Versus Inanimate? 241 Organizational Theories of Category Specifi city 243 Prosopagnosia Is a Failure to Recognize Faces 246 Processing Faces: Are Faces Special? 246 Regions of the Brain Involved in Face Recognition 248 Parts and Wholes in Visual Perception 253 Faces Are Processed in a Holistic Manner 255 Does the Visual System Contain Other Category-Specifi c Systems? 258 Mind Reading 261 Encoding and Decoding Brain Signals 261 Statistical Pattern Recognition 263 A Look Into the Future of Mind Reading 266 00i_xviii_Cogneu_4e_FM.indd vii 8/1/13 1:22 PM