safety challenged under other WTO agreements, in distortion-When prices and production are particular the Subsidies Agreement and gatt. higher or lower than levels that would usually exist Expires at the end of 2003 a competitive market. reform process/program -The Uruguay Round deficiency payment- Paid by governments to Agriculture Agreement starts a reform process. It producers of certain commodities and based on the ets out a first step, in the process, i.e. a program difference between a target price and the domesti for reducing subsidies and protection and other market price or loan rate, whichever is the less reforms. Current negotiations launched under EEP- Export enhancement programme Article 20 are for continuing the reform process programme of US export subsidies given generally SPS regulations-Sanitary and Phytosanitary to compete with subsidized agricultural expor regulations- government standards to protect from the eu on certain export markets human, animal and plant life and health, to hel food security -Concept which discourages ensure that food is safe for consumptio opening the domestic market to foreign agricultural variable levy -Customs duty rate which varies in products on the principle that a country must be as response to domestic price criterion. self-sufficient as possible for its basic dietary property pport- Encompasses any measure Berne Convention- Treaty, administered by which acts to maintain producer prices at levels WIPO, for the protection of the rights of authors above those prevailing in intemational trade; direct their literary and artistic works payments to producers, including deficiency CBD-Convention on Biological Diversity. payments, and input and marketing cost reduction compulsory licensing-For patents: when the measures available only for agricultural production International Office of Epizootics- Deals with than the patent owner to use the rights of the pate international standards concerning animal health make, use, sell or import a product under multifunctionality -Idea that agriculture has patent(i.e a patented product or a product made by many functions in addition to producing food and a patented process)-without the permission of ndsca Allowed under the TrIPs preservation,rural employment, etc. See non-trade Agreement provided certain procedures and conditior non-trade concerns- Similar to multifunctionality counterfeit-Unauthorized representation of a The preamble of the Agriculture Agreement registered trademark carried on goods identical or ifies food security and environmental similar to goods for which the trademark protection as examples. Also cited by members are registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser rural development and employment, and poverty into believing that he/she is buying the original alleviation peace clause- Provision in Article 13 of the exhaustion- The principle that once a product has Agriculture Agreement says agricultural subsidies been sold on a market, the intellectual property committed under the agreement cannot be owner no longer has any rights over it. (A debate42 safety. distortion — When prices and production are higher or lower than levels that would usually exist in a competitive market. deficiency payment — Paid by governments to producers of certain commodities and based on the difference between a target price and the domestic market price or loan rate, whichever is the less. EEP — Export enhancement programme — programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets. food security — Concept which discourages opening the domestic market to foreign agricultural products on the principle that a country must be as self-sufficient as possible for its basic dietary needs. internal support — Encompasses any measure which acts to maintain producer prices at levels above those prevailing in international trade; direct payments to producers, including deficiency payments, and input and marketing cost reduction measures available only for agricultural production. International Office of Epizootics — Deals with international standards concerning animal health. multifunctionality — Idea that agriculture has many functions in addition to producing food and fibre, e.g. environmental protection, landscape preservation, rural employment, etc. See non-trade concerns. non-trade concerns — Similar to multifunctionality. The preamble of the Agriculture Agreement specifies food security and environmental protection as examples. Also cited by members are rural development and employment, and poverty alleviation. peace clause — Provision in Article 13 of the Agriculture Agreement says agricultural subsidies committed under the agreement cannot be challenged under other WTO agreements, in particular the Subsidies Agreement and GATT. Expires at the end of 2003. reform process/program — The Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement starts a reform process. It sets out a first step, in the process, i.e. a program for reducing subsidies and protection and other reforms. Current negotiations launched under Article 20 are for continuing the reform process. SPS regulations — Sanitary and Phytosanitary regulations — government standards to protect human, animal and plant life and health, to help ensure that food is safe for consumption. variable levy — Customs duty rate which varies in response to domestic price criterion. Intellectual property Berne Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of the rights of authors in their literary and artistic works. CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity. compulsory licensing — For patents: when the authorities license companies or individuals other than the patent owner to use the rights of the patent — to make, use, sell or import a product under patent (i.e. a patented product or a product made by a patented process) — without the permission of the patent owner. Allowed under the TRIPS Agreement provided certain procedures and conditions are fulfilled. See also government use. counterfeit — Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods. exhaustion — The principle that once a product has been sold on a market, the intellectual property owner no longer has any rights over it. (A debate