however,remain within the confines of his estate.It spread throughFrance,Where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as sport and a useful food supply,and it spread toBritainwhere wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits,equally susceptible to the disease,are the basis of a profitable fur industry.The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented. 参考译文 在澳大利亚移民初期，一些有创业精神的移民不明智地把欧洲兔子引进了澳大利亚。这种兔子 在澳大利亚及新西兰没有天敌，因此便以兔子所特有的杂乱交配迅猛繁殖起来。整个澳洲兔子成 灾。它们在地下打洞，吃掉本可以饲养数百万头牛羊的牧草，给澳洲大陆造成了毁灭性的破坏。科 学家们发现，这种特殊品种的兔子（显然不包括别的动物）易患一种叫”多发性粘液瘤"的致命毒性 疾病。通过让染上此病的动物在洞内乱跑，就可以使这种疾病在一个地区蔓延起来。后来又发现， 有一种蚊子是传播这种疾病的媒介，能把此病传染给兔子。因此，世界上其他地方在设法消灭蚊子 的时候，澳大利亚却在促使这种蚊子大量繁殖。蚊子把这种疾病扩散到整个澳洲大陆，效果甚佳， 结果兔子的数目在为减少。后来，明显看出，兔子对这种疾病已产生了一定程度的免疫力，所以兔 子不可能被完全消灭。但是，已有希望解决兔子所带来的问题。 具有讽刺意味的是，欧洲把这种兔子作为有害动物传给澳洲，而欧洲自己却染上了这种人为的 瘟疫般的疾病。一位法国内科医生决定除掉自己庄园内的野兔子，于是引进了这种多发性粘液瘤疾 病。然而，这种疾病并未被局限在他的庄园内，结果在整个法国蔓延开来。野兔在法国一般不被当 作有害动物，而被视为打猎取乐的玩物和有用的食物来源。这种疾病又蔓延到了英国。在英国，野 兔被当作有害的动物，可是家兔是赚钱的毛皮工业的基础，然而家兔同样易感染这种疾病。现在的 问题是，人类能否控制住这种人为的疾病。 Lesson18 Porpoises海豚 There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface,or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation.Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that,however intelligent they may be,it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving.On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport,as in riding the bow waves of a ship.In 1928 some porpoises were photographer working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress.If,as has been reported,they have protected humans from sharks,it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks.Porpoises and sharks are natural enemies.It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued,with the sharks being driven away or killed. Whether it be bird,fish or beast,the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive.They are constantly after the turtles,who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities.One young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout and then shoving him across the tank like an aquaplane.Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life.This is not easy, and may require two porpoises working together.In another game,as the turtle swims across the oceanarium,the first porpoise swoops down from above and butts his shell with his belly.This knocks the turtle down several feet.He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise comes along and hits him another crack.Eventually the turtle has been butted all the way down to the floor of the tank. He is now satisfied merely to try to stand up,but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat.The turtle at last gives up by pulling his feet under his shell and the game is over. 参考译文however, remain within the confines of his estate. It spread throughFrance, Where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as sport and a useful food supply, and it spread toBritainwhere wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry. The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented. 参考译文 在澳大利亚移民初期，一些有创业精神的移民不明智地把欧洲兔子引进了澳大利亚。这种兔子 在澳大利亚及新西兰没有天敌，因此便以兔子所特有的杂乱交配迅猛繁殖起来。整个澳洲兔子成 灾。它们在地下打洞，吃掉本可以饲养数百万头牛羊的牧草，给澳洲大陆造成了毁灭性的破坏。科 学家们发现，这种特殊品种的兔子（显然不包括别的动物）易患一种叫“多发性粘液瘤”的致命毒性 疾病。通过让染上此病的动物在洞内乱跑，就可以使这种疾病在一个地区蔓延起来。后来又发现， 有一种蚊子是传播这种疾病的媒介，能把此病传染给兔子。因此，世界上其他地方在设法消灭蚊子 的时候，澳大利亚却在促使这种蚊子大量繁殖。蚊子把这种疾病扩散到整个澳洲大陆，效果甚佳， 结果兔子的数目在为减少。后来，明显看出，兔子对这种疾病已产生了一定程度的免疫力，所以兔 子不可能被完全消灭。但是，已有希望解决兔子所带来的问题。 具有讽刺意味的是，欧洲把这种兔子作为有害动物传给澳洲，而欧洲自己却染上了这种人为的 瘟疫般的疾病。一位法国内科医生决定除掉自己庄园内的野兔子，于是引进了这种多发性粘液瘤疾 病。然而，这种疾病并未被局限在他的庄园内，结果在整个法国蔓延开来。野兔在法国一般不被当 作有害动物，而被视为打猎取乐的玩物和有用的食物来源。这种疾病又蔓延到了英国。在英国，野 兔被当作有害的动物，可是家兔是赚钱的毛皮工业的基础，然而家兔同样易感染这种疾病。现在的 问题是，人类能否控制住这种人为的疾病。 Lesson 18 Porpoises 海豚 There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them f rom sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be, it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving. On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, as in riding the bow waves of a ship. In 1928 some porpoises were photographer working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress. If , as has been reported, they have protected humans f rom sharks, it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. Porpoises and sharks are natural enemies. It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed. Whether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. They are constantly af ter the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. One young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout and then shoving him across the tank like an aquaplane. Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life. This is not easy, and may require two porpoises working together. In another game, as the turtle swims across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops down f rom above and butts his shell with his belly. This knocks the turtle down several feet. He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise comes along and hits him another crack. Eventually the turtle has been butted all the way down to the floor of the tank. He is now satisfied merely to try to stand up, but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat. The turtle at last gives up by pulling his feet under his shell and the game is over. 参考译文