Historical Movement Away from Violent punishment? General assumption that forms of punishment becoming less violent Durkheim-Penal evolution Punishment is an emotive response to infringement of collective moral order Intensity of punishment decreases as societies become more complex Simple societies'-intense collective consciousness, intense emotions, and severe punishments Complex societies, weaker collective consciousness, less emotional, and punishments less severeHistorical Movement Away from Violent Punishment? • General assumption that forms of punishment becoming less violent • Durkheim-Penal Evolution – Punishment is an emotive response to infringement of collective moral order – Intensity of punishment decreases as societies become more complex. • ‘Simple societies’- intense collective consciousness, intense emotions, and severe punishments • ‘Complex societies’, weaker collective consciousness, less emotional, and punishments less severe