ALKANES 37 (e-g) The functional groups that characterize alcohols, thiols, and carboxylic acids are -OH -SH, and-CO, H, respectively. The structures of serine, cysteine, and aspartic acid are HOCH,CHCO HSCHCHCO OCCHCHCO NH3 FNH *NH Serine 2.30 Uscharidin has the structure shown (a) There are two alcohol groups, one aldehyde group, one ketone group, and one ester (b) Uscharidin contains ten methylene groups(CH,). They are indicated in the structure by small squares (c) The primary carbons in uscharidin are the carbons of the two methyl groups Primary H rimary carbon 2.31(a) Methylene groups are-CH2. CICH, CH, CH, CH, CI is therefore the C4HaCI, isomer in which all the carbons belong to methylene groups (b) The C4HCI, isomers that lack methylene groups are (CH3),CHCHCI and CH. CHCHCH Cl Cl 2.32 Since it is an alkane the sex attractant of the tiger moth has a molecular formula of C H,n?. The number of carbons and hydrogens may be calculated from its molecular weight. 12n+1(2n+2)=254 14n=252 n The molecular formula of the alkane is Ci&H38. In the problem it is stated that the sex attractant is a 2-methyl-branched alkane. It is therefore 2-methy heptadecane, CH3)2CHCH2(CH))13CH3. 2.33 When any hydrocarbon is burned in air, the products of combustion are carbon dioxide and water. Decane Oxyge Carbon dioxide Back Forward Main Menu TOC Study Guide Toc Student OLC MHHE Website(e–g) The functional groups that characterize alcohols, thiols, and carboxylic acids are GOH, GSH, and GCO2H, respectively. The structures of serine, cysteine, and aspartic acid are: 2.30 Uscharidin has the structure shown. (a) There are two alcohol groups, one aldehyde group, one ketone group, and one ester functionality. (b) Uscharidin contains ten methylene groups (CH2). They are indicated in the structure by small squares. (c) The primary carbons in uscharidin are the carbons of the two methyl groups. 2.31 (a) Methylene groups are GCH2G. ClCH2CH2CH2CH2Cl is therefore the C4H8Cl2 isomer in which all the carbons belong to methylene groups. (b) The C4H8Cl2 isomers that lack methylene groups are (CH3)2CHCHCl2 and 2.32 Since it is an alkane, the sex attractant of the tiger moth has a molecular formula of CnH2n2. The number of carbons and hydrogens may be calculated from its molecular weight. 12n 1(2n 2)  254 14n  252 n  18 The molecular formula of the alkane is C18H38. In the problem it is stated that the sex attractant is a 2-methyl-branched alkane. It is therefore 2-methylheptadecane, (CH3)2CHCH2(CH2)13CH3. 2.33 When any hydrocarbon is burned in air, the products of combustion are carbon dioxide and water. CH3(CH2)8CH3 O2 (a) 31 2 Decane (C10H22) Oxygen 10CO2 11H2O Carbon dioxide Water CH3CHCHCH3 Cl Cl O O O O O H3 C OH H H H CH H H H CH3 OH O Alcohol O group Ketone group Primary carbon Aldehyde group Primary carbon Alcohol group Ester group HOCH2CHCO NH3 O Serine HSCH2CHCO NH3 O Cysteine HOCCH2CHCO NH3 O O Aspartic acid ALKANES 37 Back Forward Main Menu TOC Study Guide TOC Student OLC MHHE Website