NEURAL CORRELATES OF THE DUAL-PATHWAY MODEL FOR ADHD IN ADOLESCENTS FIGURE 2.Group comparisons of gray matter volumes of the identified clusters in a clinical cohort 0.0 ADHD grou anvTedgoup ADHD group 03 ADHD. ubtype aro 。 -10 ults were based on the ADHD-200 cohort They-axis inall panels is the residualof gr sters reor s are the in gray aeotneeofhe oped group (N-0o)pane ADHD group (N-99 850 ajp.psychiatryonlineorg Am JPychiatry 177.9.September 2020FIGURE 2. Group comparisons of gray matter volumes of the identified clusters in a clinical cohorta A B C D E F Typically developed group Typically developed group ADHD group –4 –2 0 2 4 ** Typically developed group ADHD group ** –4 –2 0 2 4 –4 –2 0 2 4 *** –1.0 –0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 ** Residual of Prefrontal Gray Matter Volume Residual of Posterior Occipital Gray Matter Volume Residual of Prefrontal Gray Matter Volume Residual of Posterior Occipital Gray Matter Volume Residual of Prefrontal Gray Matter Volume Residual of Posterior Occipital Gray Matter Volume ADHD, combined subtype group ADHD, inattentive subtype group Typically developed group Typically developed group Typically developed group ADHD, combined subtype group ADHD, inattentive subtype group Medicated ADHD group Never-medicated ADHD group Medicated ADHD group Never-medicated ADHD group *** ** –1.0 –0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 –1.0 –0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 a The results were based on the ADHD-200 cohort. The y-axis in all panels is the residual of graymatter volumes of the identified clusters regressed on age, sex, handedness, total intracranial volume, and site. The bottom and top of the boxes are the minimum and maximum, and the band near the middle of the box is the median. Significant group comparisons are indicated with asterisks. Panel A depicts the difference in gray matter volume of the prefrontal cluster between typically developed control subjects (N=267) and ADHD patients (N=233). Panel B depicts the difference in gray matter volume of the posterior occipital cluster between the typically developed group (N=267) and ADHD patients (N=233). Panel C depicts the difference in gray matter volume of the prefrontal cluster among the typically developed group (N=267), the ADHD group with the combined subtype (N=129), and the ADHD group with the inattentive subtype (N=96). Panel D depicts the difference in gray matter volume of the posterior occipital cluster among the typically developed group (N=267), the ADHD group with the combined subtype (N=129), and the ADHD group with the inattentive subtype (N=96). Panel E depicts the difference in graymatter volume of the prefrontal cluster among the typically developed group(N=267), themedicated ADHD group (N556), and the never-medicated ADHD group (N599). Panel F depicts the difference in gray matter volume of the posterior occipital cluster among the typically developed group (N5267), the medicated ADHD group (N556), and the never-medicated ADHD group (N599). **p,0.01. ***p,0.001. 850 ajp.psychiatryonline.org Am J Psychiatry 177:9, September 2020 NEURAL CORRELATES OF THE DUAL-PATHWAY MODEL FOR ADHD IN ADOLESCENTS