Table 2.1 Schools of eco-nomic thought Conventional (neoclassical) Environmental Ecological Deep(human) economics economics economics ecology Basic tenets Consumer sover- Consumer sover- Collective respon-Equality of eignty:frontier eignty,limited sibility for species: economics: by govern- protection symbiotic utilitarian ment inter- of nature's relationship vention and assets: with nature: environmental reformed utili- non-utilitarian costing:utili- tarian tarian Objectives Profit.utility.wel-Profit.utility. Reduced or zero Negative growth fare and eco- welfare growth rates: of economy nomic growth and growth qualitative and popula- maximization maximiza- development tion tion.taking environmental social costs 2024/8/6 生态经济理论前沿 31 2024/8/6 生态经济理论前沿 31