1.1 Zhi Qian(支谦) (佛经翻译的第一阶段、草创时期) Three Kingdoms periods the first essay on translation norms ° reface to Fa Ju Jing (《法句经》序) (222-254): about thirty volumes of Buddhist scriptures in a literal manner. In the essay, Preface to Fa Ju Jing norms the translator of Buddhist classics should "follow the original intention of the author without any embroidery ”(因循本旨,不加文饰) a discussion on literal translation and free translation a core issue in the development of translation theory 1.1 Zhi Qian (支谦)  （佛经翻译的第一阶段、草创时期）  Three Kingdoms periods  the first essay on translation norms：  “Preface to Fa Ju Jing”  (《法句经》序)  (222-254)： about thirty volumes of Buddhist scriptures in a literal manner. In the essay ， “Preface to Fa Ju Jing”  norms ：  the translator of Buddhist classics should “follow the original intention of the author without any embroidery  ”（因循本旨，不加文饰）  a discussion on literal translation and free translation, a core issue in the development of translation theory