尉氏写蜀号孝 《商务英语》 授课教案 to make certain (of something/of doing something,that) to find out whether something is definitely true;to do something in order to be sure that something will happen确定，弄明白，确保 1.Make certain the letter is post-marked by October 1 so that you may be sure that your order will arrive on time. 请一定在10月1日寄出来信、打上邮戳，这样你方就有把握使订单按时到达了。 2.You will have to leave soon to make certain of getting there on time. 你得快点出发，好确保准时到达那里。 at the start (of) the point at which something begins开始，起初，开头，开端 1.At the start,the company was run at a loss. 开始时公司是亏损经营。 2.Things don't look too hopeful at the start of the year. 在年初，情况显得并不十分美妙。 Compared with“at the beginning(of)”起初，开始 It is used for the time and place when something begins.指开始的时间和地点 1.We are going to Japan at the beginning of July. 我们七月初要去日本。 to stay away (from) To not go near a particular person or place外出，不接近 1.The boy often stayed away from school 这个男生经常旷课。 2.I want you to stay away from my daughter. 我要你离我女儿远远的。 3.While doing business,we should try to be cautious and stay away from the individuals or enterprises with a bad financial standing. 做生意时，我们要尽量小心，避开那些资信状况不好的个人或企业。 Our resources,and particularly our trained marketing personnel,are scarce;we must be selective and concentrate our marketing efforts on the markets which will yield the best result. 我们的资源，尤其是那些经过训练的销售人员，十分缺乏；我们必须要有选择地把销售精力集中 在将产生最好结果的市场上。 which will yield the best result是定语从句，修饰先行词markets.. We must therefore try to identify,at minimum cost,the markets on which we should concentrate our research effort. 因此，我们必须努力以最低的代价确定我们应该集中精力调查的市场。 at minimum cost以最低的代价或者以最低的成本。 在the markets on which we should concentrate our research effort中，on which.是定语从句，修饰《商务英语》 授课教案 9 to make certain (of something/of doing something, that) to find out whether something is definitely true; to do something in order to be sure that something will happen 确定, 弄明白，确保 1. Make certain the letter is post-marked by October 1 so that you may be sure that your order will arrive on time. 请一定在 10 月 1 日寄出来信、打上邮戳，这样你方就有把握使订单按时到达了。 2. You will have to leave soon to make certain of getting there on time. 你得快点出发，好确保准时到达那里。 at the start (of) the point at which something begins 开始, 起初，开头，开端 1. At the start, the company was run at a loss. 开始时公司是亏损经营。 2. Things don’t look too hopeful at the start of the year. 在年初，情况显得并不十分美妙。 Compared with “at the beginning (of)” 起初,开始 It is used for the time and place when something begins.指开始的时间和地点 1. We are going to Japan at the beginning of July. 我们七月初要去日本。 to stay away (from) To not go near a particular person or place 外出，不接近 1. The boy often stayed away from school. 这个男生经常旷课。 2. I want you to stay away from my daughter. 我要你离我女儿远远的。 3. While doing business, we should try to be cautious and stay away from the individuals or enterprises with a bad financial standing. 做生意时，我们要尽量小心，避开那些资信状况不好的个人或企业。 Our resources, and particularly our trained marketing personnel, are scarce; we must be selective and concentrate our marketing efforts on the markets which will yield the best result. 我们的资源，尤其是那些经过训练的销售人员，十分缺乏；我们必须要有选择地把销售精力集中 在将产生最好结果的市场上。 which will yield the best result 是定语从句，修饰先行词 markets。 We must therefore try to identify, at minimum cost, the markets on which we should concentrate our research effort. 因此，我们必须努力以最低的代价确定我们应该集中精力调查的市场。 at minimum cost 以最低的代价或者以最低的成本。 在 the markets on which we should concentrate our research effort 中，on which…是定语从句，修饰