EST=Grammar +Scientific vocabulary spoken:hesitation,pauses,incomplete utterances,sudden changes of direction, encouraging noises,from the listener and repetitions written:formal,impersonal,concise, accurate,typical sentence Chapter 1 Purpose of translation and qualifications of translators Chapter 1 Purpose of translation and qualifications of translators ◼ EST= Grammar +Scientific vocabulary ◼ spoken: hesitation, pauses, incomplete utterances, sudden changes of direction, encouraging noises, from the listener and repetitions ◼ written: formal, impersonal, concise, accurate, typical sentence