Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some C)forbid things which have no foundation in morality ay be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of D)consistently ensure the security of their children coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they he childs own happiness have the answer. and it comes down to the structure of the food. not its c. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, chemical composition---a find ing that could help rid some processed foodsof sistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day chemical preservatives and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream that"example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions----tiny what they preach, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure globules of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been in what's in the globules and what's in the surrounding liquid, says to some extent fooled Brocklehurst, who led the investigation A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water In butter, globules of a and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the 11. Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. This means that A)should be avoided B)is universal among parents in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture, he says C)sets up dangerous states of worry in the child When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in D)will make him lose interest in learning new things compartments buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual 12. In the process of childrens leaning new skills parents colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients. They also slowly poison A)should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the themselves with their waste products. In butter, you get a self-limiting system words they read which stops the bacteria growing, says Brocklehurst B)should not expect too much of them The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if C)should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alter them on their own food's structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions D)should create as many learning opportunities as possible ed in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do 13. The second paragraph mainly tells us that this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump A)parents should be strict with their children 16. The significance of Brocklehurst's research is that B)parental controls reflect only the needs of the pa d the values of A)it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives the community B)it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butter C)parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of C)it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter the children alone D)it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition D)parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the 17. According to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter because situation bacteria 14. The word"precept"( Para. 3)probably means A)idea B)punishment C)behaviour D)instruction A)are more evenly distributed in crea in butter B 15 C) live on less fat in cream than in butter A)observe the rules themselves D)produce less waste in cream than in butter. B)be aware of the marked difference between adults and childre 18. Accord ing to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh byParents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment. 11. Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills __________. A) should be avoided B) is universal among parents C) sets up dangerous states of worry in the child D) will make him lose interest in learning new things 12. In the process of children's learning new skills parents _________. A) should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read B) should not expect too much of them C) should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own D) should create as many learning opportunities as possible 13. The second paragraph mainly tells us that _________. A) parents should be strict with their children B) parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community C) parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone D) parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation 14. The word "precept"( Para. 3) probably means "________". A) idea B) punishment C) behaviour D) instruction 15. In moral matters, parents should _________. A) observe the rules themselves B) be aware of the marked difference between adults and children C) forbid things which have no foundation in morality D) consistently ensure the security of their children Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage: Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition----a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives. Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions-----tiny globules of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation. In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says. When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients. They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,” says Brocklehurst. The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food’s structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump. 16. The significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that . A) it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives B) it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butter C) it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter D) it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition 17. According to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter because bacteria . A) are more evenly distributed in cream B) multiply more easily in cream than in butter C) live on less fat in cream than in butter D) produce less waste in cream than in butter. 18. According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by