Genetic susceptibility Environmental factors Isletβ-cell Antigen Monocyte, Phagocyte TNF-O IL-1B NO ThI celll TNF-a TNF-B( HLA-I1 TNF-a,TNFβ,IFN IFN Phagocyte,NK, Ctl β cell apoptosis Oxygen free radica,NO个↑, Oxygen free radical, NOT adhesion molecule, perforin Fas I, Insulin growth regeneration l. defense and repair defectAntigen Islet -cell Genetic susceptibility Environmental factors Monocyte, Phagocyte Th1 cell Phagocyte,NK,CTL TNF-, IL-1 HLA-II NO TNF- TNF- IFN- TNF-,TNF-,IFN- Oxygen free radical, NO, Oxygen adhesion molecule,perforin free radical, NO Fas, Insulin, growth regeneration, defense and repair defect  cell apoptosis