STATE OF THE WORLDS FORESTS 2003 CONCLUSIONS production forests managed under The values that different sectors of society attach sustained-yield principles for timber and to various forest goods and services have changed other forest products; more rapidly and deeply in the past few decades planted forests for intensive production of than ever before. and will continue to do so. The specific commodities, impact of climate change, forest fragmentation inclusion of ecological reserves within and invasive alien species on forest biological commercial forests to protect seed sources, diversity has also increased considerably. These watercourses and critical habitats changes cannot reasonably be expected to slow forest management decisions based on the down-and, indeed, many experts expect them to legitimate needs of local people for access to accelerate The challenges facing forest the range of forest resources upon which their communities, scientists, conservationists and livelihoods depend foresters in the future are therefore likely to be Sustainable forest management requires the very different from those facing them today. development and implementation of sustainable Society needs a range of approaches to forest production systems that are adapted to the management in order to provide multiple benefits different forest ecosystems. These should include to a wide variety of stakeholders with a legitimate scientific, technological, economic, social, financial interest in conserving forest biological diversity and educational components to ensure and using forests sustainably sustainability. The exact combination of goods and Within the context of sustainable forest services to be provided from any particular management and in the face of global change, the forested region should be based on dialogue following measures can help to conserve forest among industry, government, academics, local versit communities and NGOs, thereby bringing protection of large areas of forest, where this is democracy to forests and enhancing the likelihood of sustainability..◆ rebuilding of connectivity between small adjacent protected areas by promoting forestation of the landscape and restoring REFERENCES protection of forest edges against structural damage, damage by fire and colonization by Askins, R.A. 1995. Hostile landscapes and the decline of invasive alien species, by leaving a natural migratory songbirds. Science, 267: 1956-1957. buffer zone of forest that could be managed to Bawa, KS&Seidler,R.1998. Natural forest resemble a natural ecotone(a transitional zone management and conservation of biodiversity in between vegetation types); tropical forests. Conservation Biology, 12(1): 46-5 softening the edges between matrices by CIFOR. 1999. CIFOR criteria and indicators toolbox series diversifying and promoting less intensive Jakarta, Center for International Forestry Research types of land use, managing the use of fire, (CIFOR) minimizing the application of toxic chemicals Chapman, CA, Balcomb, SR, Gillespie, T, Skorupa, and controlling the introduction of plant J. Struhsaker, T.T. 2000. Long-term effects of species from outside the region( Gascon, logging on African primate communities: a 28-year Williamson and da Fonseca, 2000): omparison from Kibale National Park, Uganda allocation of the whole forest landscape to Conservation Biology, 14(1 ): 207-217 specified land uses, including Daily, G.C., Alexander, S, Ehrlich, PR, Goulder, Ly protected areas for conservation, tourism ey, H.A., Postel, S, and non-consumptive uses; Schneider, SH, Tilman, D. woodwell, G M. 1997. protection forests, for example to control Ecosystem services: benefits supplied to human erosion or protect watersheds, societies by natural ecosystems. Issues in Ecology, 2: 1-162003 FORESTS S’WORLD THE OF STATE 94 CONCLUSIONS attach society of sectors different that values The changed have services and goods forest various to decades few past the in deeply and rapidly more The. so do to continue will and, before ever than fragmentation forest, change climate of impact biological forest on species alien invasive and These. considerably increased also has diversity slow to expected be reasonably cannot changes to them expect experts many, indeed, and – down forest facing challenges The. accelerate and conservationists, scientists, communities be to likely therefore are future the in foresters .today them facing those from different very forest to approaches of range a needs Society benefits multiple provide to order in management legitimate a with stakeholders of variety wide a to diversity biological forest conserving in interest .sustainably forests using and forest sustainable of context the Within the, change global of face the in and management forest conserve to help can measures following :diversity biological is this where, forest of areas large of protection• ;possible still small between connectivity of rebuilding• promoting by areas protected adjacent restoring and landscape the of reforestation ;habitats structural against edges forest of protection• by colonization and fire by damage, damage natural a leaving by, species alien invasive to managed be could that forest of zone buffer zone transitional a (ecotone natural a resemble ;(types vegetation between by matrices between edges the softening• intensive less promoting and diversifying ,fire of use the managing, use land of types chemicals toxic of application the minimizing plant of introduction the controlling and ,Gascon (region the outside from species ;(2000, Fonseca da and Williamson to landscape forest whole the of allocation• :including, uses land specified tourism, conservation for areas protected- ;uses consumptive-non and control to example for, forests protection- ;watersheds protect or erosion under managed forests production- and timber for principles yield-sustained ;products forest other of production intensive for forests planted- ;commodities specific within reserves ecological of inclusion• ,sources seed protect to forests commercial ;habitats critical and watercourses the on based decisions management forest• to access for people local of needs legitimate their which upon resources forest of range the .depend livelihoods the requires management forest Sustainable sustainable of implementation and development the to adapted are that systems production include should These. ecosystems forest different financial, social, economic, technological, scientific ensure to components educational and and goods of combination exact The. sustainability particular any from provided be to services dialogue on based be should region forested local, academics, government, industry among bringing thereby, NGOs and communities likelihood the enhancing and forests to democracy ◆ .sustainability of REFERENCES of decline the and landscapes Hostile. 1995. 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