Contents xiii 4.Ciguatera(Seafood Poisoning)170 4.1 Ciguatoxin and its congeners 171 4.4 Palytoxin and its congeners 175 aheic Shellfish Poiso 179 5.Dia ish Po 180 181 6.Miscellaneous Toxins 185 6.1 Amphidinolides 185 ,186 6.5 Surugatoxin 189 6.5 190 es of Chondria 1193 197 8.Bioactive Marine Nucleosides 208 1.Introduction 208 2.Pyrimidine and Purine-D-arabinosides 209 2.3 Analogs of spo ngouridine 211 2-deoxvuridine 215 3.3-Methyl-2-deoxyeytidine 215 oxyad 8 ne an Pu rine 1-B-D-ribosides 216 5 Pyrrolol2 3-dIPyrimidine Nucleoside 222 95-De y-5'-(methylthio)-B-D-xylofuran nethyl arsinyl Adenosine Contents xiii 4. Ciguatera (Seafood Poisoning) 170 4.1 Ciguatoxin and its congeners 171 4.2 Mode of action of brevetoxins and ciguatoxins 172 4.3 Maitotoxin 173 4.4 Palytoxin and its congeners 175 4.5 Gambierol 178 4.6 Gambieric Acids 179 5. Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning 180 5.1 Okadaic acid and its analogs 181 5.2 Dinophysistoxins 182 5.3 Total synthesis of okadaic acid 182 5.4 Pectenotoxins 183 5.5 Yessotoxin 184 6. Miscellaneous Toxins 185 6.1 Amphidinolides 185 6.2 Amphidinol 186 6.3 Prorocentrolide 188 6.4 Goniodomin-A 189 6.5 Surugatoxin 189 6.6 Neosurugatoxin 190 6.7 Macroalgal toxins 192 6.8 Toxic substances of Chondria armata 193 6.9 Aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin 193 6.10 Toxic peptides 194 7. Concluding Remarks 197 References 197 8. Bioactive Marine Nucleosides 208 1. Introduction 208 2. Pyrimidine and Purine-D-arabinosides 209 2.1 Spongothymidine (Ara-T) 209 2.2 Spongouridine (Ara-U) 210 2.3 Analogs of spongouridine 211 2.4 Spongoadenosine (Ara-A) 211 3. Pyrimidine-2′-deoxyribosides 213 3.1 2′-Deoxyuridine 213 3.2 Thymidine 213 3.3 3-Methyl-2′-deoxyuridine 215 3.4 3-Methyl-2′-deoxycytidine 215 3.5 2′-Deoxyadenosine 216 4. Pyrimidine and Purine l-β-D-ribosides 216 4.1 Adenosine 217 4.2 Spongosine 217 4.3 Analogs of spongosine 218 4.4 Isoguanosine 218 4.5 Doridosine 219 5. Pyrrolo[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Nucleoside 222 6. 9-[5′-Deoxy-5′-(methylthio)-β-D-xylofuranosyl]Adenine 223 7. 5′-Deoxy-5′-Dimethylarsinyl Adenosine 224