(2)立体异构现象( stereo Isomerism):化学组成相同,空间排列不同而引起的异构 现象,称为立体异构现象。例如:P(NH)2Cl2 HN 二氯二氨合铂(I) rans-二氯二氨合铂(I) 化学结构异构现象,大致分为五类 Ionization isomerism, Hydrate isomerism, Linkage isomerism, Coordination isomerism Polymerization isomerism 1. Ionization isomerism (1)Two coordination compounds which differ in the distribution of ions between those directly coordinated and counter-ions present in the crystal lattice are called ionization (2)e.g [Cr(NH3)s Br SO4 and [Cr(NH3)s SO4] 2. Hydrate isomerism( Solvent isomerism) (1) Hydrate isomerism is similar to ionization isomerism except that an uncharged ligand changes from being coordinated to a free-lattice position whilst another ligand moves in (2)e.g [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3, [Cr(H2O)sCI]Clz. H2O, [Cr(H2O)4Cl2)CI: 2H20 (1)The first example of this type of isomerism was provided by Jorgensen, Werners contemporary. His method of preparation was as follows: [Co(NH3)s CICI -" solution a solution A"-let stand in cod >(NH3 ) Co(ONO)JCI, 个," solution A"-厘,哑NH)CONO2)Cl2 yellow It deals with a few ligands(ambidenatate)that are capable of bonding through are type of donor atom in one situation not a different atom in another complex. Some authors refer to this type of isomerism as "structural isomerism"but inasmuch as all isomerism is basically"", the term linkage isomerism is preferable (3)e.g. [Cr(H,O)S SCN] and [Cr(H,O)S NCS Co(NH3)5SSO3] and [Co(NH3)5 OSO2S 4. Coordination isomerism (1)This may occur only when the cation and anion of a salt are both complexes, the two somers differing in the distribution of ligands between the cation and anion (2)e.g. [ Co(NH3 )6 Cr(Ox)] and [Cr(NH3)6I[Co(Ox)I Cr(NH, )61[Cr(SCN)] and [Cr(NH3)4(SCN)2I[Cr(NH,)2(SCN)4I IPI(NH3)4I[PtCl6] and [Pt(NH3 )4C12I[PtCl41 (3)Coordination position isomerism In this form of isomerism the distribution of ligands between two coordination centers differs226 (2) 立体异构现象（stereo isomerism）：化学组成相同，空间排列不同而引起的异构 现象，称为立体异构现象。例如：Pt(NH3)2Cl2 cis – 二氯·二氨合铂(II) trans- 二氯·二氨合铂(II) 二、化学结构异构现象，大致分为五类： Ionization isomerism, Hydrate isomerism, Linkage isomerism, Coordination isomerism, Polymerization isomerism. 1．Ionization isomerism (1) Two coordination compounds which differ in the distribution of ions between those directly coordinated and counter-ions present in the crystal lattice are called ionization isomers. (2) e.g. [Cr(NH3)5Br]SO4 and [Cr(NH3)5SO4]Br 2．Hydrate isomerism (Solvent isomerism) (1) Hydrate isomerism is similar to ionization isomerism except that an uncharged ligand changes from being coordinated to a free-lattice position whilst another ligand moves in the opposite sense. (2) e.g. [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 ，[Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2·H2O ，[Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl·2H2O 3．Linkage isomerism (1) The first example of this type of isomerism was provided by Jrgensen, Werner’s contemporary. His method of preparation was as follows： [Co(NH ) Cl]Cl "solution A" NH3 HCl NaNO2 3 5 2 ⎯ ⎯→⎯⎯→⎯⎯ ⎯→ "solution A" [(NH3 ) 5Co(ONO)]Cl2 red ⎯let ⎯stand ⎯⎯in cold ⎯→ "solution A" [(NH3 ) 5Co(NO2 )]Cl2 yellow ⎯heat ⎯→⎯conc ⎯⎯HCl ⎯→ (2) It deals with a few ligands (ambidenatate) that are capable of bonding through are type of donor atom in one situation not a different atom in another complex. Some authors refer to this type of isomerism as “structural isomerism” but inasmuch as all isomerism is basically “structural” , the term linkage isomerism is preferable. (3) e.g. 2+ [Cr(H2O)5SCN] and 2+ [Cr(H2O)5NCS] + [Co(NH ) SSO ] 3 5 3 and + [Co(NH ) OSO S] 3 5 2 4．Coordination isomerism (1) This may occur only when the cation and anion of a salt are both complexes, the two isomers differing in the distribution of ligands between the cation and anion (2) e.g. [Co(NH ) ][Cr(Ox) ] 3 6 3 and [Cr(NH ) ][Co(Ox) ] 3 6 3 [Cr(NH ) ][Cr(SCN) ] 3 6 6 and [Cr(NH ) (SCN) ][Cr(NH ) (SCN) ] 3 4 2 3 2 4 [Pt(NH ) ][PtCl ] 3 4 6 and [Pt(NH ) Cl ][PtCl ] 3 4 2 4 (3) Coordination position isomerism In this form of isomerism the distribution of ligands between two coordination centers differs