FULL CONTENTS Examples of How Voltage-gated Channels enhanc 16. Neurogenesis and migration Dendritic Information Processing 261 MARIANNE BRONNER-FRASER AND MARY E HATTEN Dendritic Spines Are Multifunctional Microintegrative Units 263 Introduction 351 Summary: The Dendritic Tree as a Complex Information Development of the Peripheral Nervous System 352 Processing System 266 Cell Migration in the CNs 361 References 268 References 372 13. Brain Energy Metabolism endings 37 PIERRE J. MAGISTRETTI 17. Growth Cones and Axon Pathfinding ALEX L KOLODKIN AND MARC TESSIER-LAVIGNE Energy Metabolism of the Brain as a Whole Organ 271 Tight Coupling of Neuronal Activity, Blood Flow, and Growth Cones Are Actively Guided 377 Energy Metabolism 274 Guidance Cues for Developing Axons 380 Energy-Producing and Energy-Consuming Processes in the Guidance Cues and the Control of Cytoskeletal Brain 277 Dynamics 391 Brain Energy Metabolism at the Cellular Level 282 Guidance at the Midline: Changing Responses to Glutamate and Nitrogen Metabolism: a Coordinated Multiple Cues 395 Shuttle Between Astrocytes and Neurons 289 References 399 The Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Unit 292 References 292 18. Target Selection, Topographic Maps, and Synapse Formation STEVEN J BURDEN, DENNIS D M OLEARY, AND NERVOUS SYSTEM PETER SCHEIFFELE DEVELOPMENT arget ection Development of the Neuromuscular Synapse 416 14. Neural Induction and Pattern Formation Synapse Formation in the Central Nervous System 426 References 434 ANDREW LUMSDEN AND CHRIS KINTNER Suggested Readings 435 Neural Induction 297 19. Programmed Cell Death and Neurotrophic Early Neural Patterning 303 Factors Regionalization of the Central Nervous System 307 Conclusions 318 RONALD W. OPPENHEIM AND CHRISTOPHER S VON BARTHELD References 319 Cell Death and the neurotrophic Hypothesis 438 15. Cellular determination The Origins of Programmed Cell Death and its WILLIAM A. HARRIS AND VOLKER HARTENSTEIN Occurrence in the devele em438 Origins and Generation of Neuronal Progenitors 321 Functions of Neuronal Programmed Cell Death 444 Spatial and Temporal Coordinates of Neuronal Modes of Cell Death in Developing Neurons 445 Specification 323 The mode of neuronal cell death reflects the The Proneural and Neurogenic genes 326 Activation of Distinct Biochemical and molecular Asymmetric Cell Division and Cell Fate 328 mechanisms 447 Central Neurons and Glia 330 Nerve Growth Factor: The Prototype Target-Derived Sensory Neurons of the Peripheral Nervous System 330 Neuronal Survival Factor 450 The Retina: a Collaboration of Intrinsic and Extrinsic The Neurotrophin Family 452 Cues 336 Neurotrophin Receptors 453 Combinatorial Coding in motor Neurons Secretion and Axonal Transport of Neurotrophins and Determination 342 Pro-Neurotrophins 455 Cells of the Cerebral Cortex 344 Signal Transduction Through TRK Receptors 457 Conclusions 348 Cytokines and Growth Factors have Multiple References 348 Activities 458FULL CONTENTS ix Examples of How Voltage-gated Channels Enhance Dendritic Information Processing 261 Dendritic Spines Are Multifunctional Microintegrative Units 263 Summary: The Dendritic Tree as a Complex Information Processing System 266 References 268 13. Brain Energy Metabolism PIERRE J. MAGISTRETTI Energy Metabolism of the Brain as a Whole Organ 271 Tight Coupling of Neuronal Activity, Blood Flow, and Energy Metabolism 274 Energy-Producing and Energy-Consuming Processes in the Brain 277 Brain Energy Metabolism at the Cellular Level 282 Glutamate and Nitrogen Metabolism: a Coordinated Shuttle Between Astrocytes and Neurons 289 The Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Unit 292 References 292 III NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 14. Neural Induction and Pattern Formation ANDREW LUMSDEN AND CHRIS KINTNER Neural Induction 297 Early Neural Patterning 303 Regionalization of the Central Nervous System 307 Conclusions 318 References 319 15. Cellular Determination WILLIAM A. HARRIS AND VOLKER HARTENSTEIN Origins and Generation of Neuronal Progenitors 321 Spatial and Temporal Coordinates of Neuronal Specifi cation 323 The Proneural and Neurogenic Genes 326 Asymmetric Cell Division and Cell Fate 328 Central Neurons and Glia 330 Sensory Neurons of the Peripheral Nervous System 330 The Retina: a Collaboration of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Cues 336 Combinatorial Coding in Motor Neurons Determination 342 Cells of the Cerebral Cortex 344 Conclusions 348 References 348 16. Neurogenesis and Migration MARIANNE BRONNER-FRASER AND MARY E. HATTEN Introduction 351 Development of the Peripheral Nervous System 352 Cell Migration in the CNS 361 References 372 Suggested Readings 375 17. Growth Cones and Axon Pathfi nding ALEX L. KOLODKIN AND MARC TESSIER-LAVIGNE Growth Cones Are Actively Guided 377 Guidance Cues for Developing Axons 380 Guidance Cues and the Control of Cytoskeletal Dynamics 391 Guidance at the Midline: Changing Responses to Multiple Cues 395 References 399 18. Target Selection, Topographic Maps, and Synapse Formation STEVEN J. BURDEN, DENNIS D.M. O’LEARY, AND PETER SCHEIFFELE Target Selection 401 Development of the Neuromuscular Synapse 416 Synapse Formation in the Central Nervous System 426 References 434 Suggested Readings 435 19. Programmed Cell Death and Neurotrophic Factors RONALD W. OPPENHEIM AND CHRISTOPHER S. VON BARTHELD Cell Death and the Neurotrophic Hypothesis 438 The Origins of Programmed Cell Death and its Widespread Occurrence in the Developing Nervous System 438 Functions of Neuronal Programmed Cell Death 444 Modes of Cell Death in Developing Neurons 445 The Mode of Neuronal Cell Death Refl ects the Activation of Distinct Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms 447 Nerve Growth Factor: The Prototype Target-Derived Neuronal Survival Factor 450 The Neurotrophin Family 452 Neurotrophin Receptors 453 Secretion and Axonal Transport of Neurotrophins and Pro-Neurotrophins 455 Signal Transduction Through TRK Receptors 457 Cytokines and Growth Factors have Multiple Activities 458