Dynamic Sampling G=(V,E) G'=(V,E) update A dynamic sampling algorithm: X~u X'ベu with cost O(|updatel) |update#changed vertices and edgesDynamic Sampling e v bv Ae G = (V, E) e v b′ v A′ e G′ = (V, E′) update dynamic sampling algorithm: X ∼ μ X′ ∼ μ′ with cost |������| ≜ # changed vertices and edges O˜(|������|)