undergraduate business programs, and Business Week ranks the top MBA programs. This sample, in our judgment, is representative of the ast trene ds and the future projections in the e-business educational arena, since these are the top business schools in the nation, and they set the standard for education. It should be noted that the two lists provided us with a means to select our sample; but, when performing data collection, we looked for undergraduate, graduate(MBA, EMBA, and MS), and certification e-business programs in each school-irrespective of the list in which the school appears A content analysis of the top business schools' Web sites reveals six types of e-business programs(Figure 1). Most of the existing programs are at the graduate level. Some programs are more focused (that is, an e-commerce program with sub tracks), while others are subcategories of existing programs( for example, MBA con- centration). We also observed that some schools are beginning fer certification programs in e-business. These are typically shorter programs, and the aim is to train existing IT professionals in e-business. The duration of the graduate programs vary from 1-2 years, while the certification programs are less than one year. Also, it is important to note that several schools in our sample offer only a small number of e-commerce courses(for example, 2-3), without having a formal program(that is major, concentration, or certificate) in place Based on the content analysis, we identified a total of 391 different e-commerce courses(52(13.3%)undergraduate and 339(86. 7%)graduate courses), which were classified into the 24 categories shown in Table 2. a detailed analysis of the courses offered by these schools shows that there are two broad and distinct tracks in e-busi- ness curricula. One track paves the way for an e-business career with a predominant MBA in E-business with/or without Subtracks MBA with a concentration in E-business MS in e-business with/or without Subtracks U.S. Business MS with a concentration in E-business Bachelor with a concentration in e-business Certificate Program in e-business COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM December 2003/oL. 46. No. 12ve 69undergraduate business programs, and Business Week ranks the top MBA programs. This sample, in our judgment, is representative of the past trends and the future projections in the e-business educational arena, since these are the top business schools in the nation, and they set the standard for education. It should be noted that the two lists provided us with a means to select our sample; but, when performing data collection, we looked for undergraduate, graduate (MBA, EMBA, and MS), and certification e-business programs in each school—irrespective of the list in which the school appears. A content analysis of the top business schools’ Web sites reveals six types of e-business programs (Figure 1). Most of the existing programs are at the graduate level. Some programs are more focused (that is, an e-commerce program with sub￾tracks), while others are subcategories of existing programs (for example, MBA con￾centration). We also observed that some schools are beginning to offer certification programs in e-business. These are typically shorter programs, and the aim is to train existing IT professionals in e-business. The duration of the graduate programs vary from 1–2 years, while the certification programs are less than one year. Also, it is important to note that several schools in our sample offer only a small number of e-commerce courses (for example, 2-3), without having a formal program (that is, major, concentration, or certificate) in place. Based on the content analysis, we identified a total of 391 different e-commerce courses (52 (13.3%) undergraduate and 339 (86.7%) graduate courses), which were classified into the 24 categories shown in Table 2. A detailed analysis of the courses offered by these schools shows that there are two broad and distinct tracks in e-busi￾ness curricula. One track paves the way for an e-business career with a predominant COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM December 2003/Vol. 46, No. 12ve 169 MBA with a concentration in E-business MBA in E-business with/or without Subtracks MS in E-business with/or without Subtracks MS with a concentration in E-business Bachelor with a concentration in E-business Certificate Program in E-business U.S. Business Schools Figure 1. Types of e-business programs