Context of situation(instances of cultural system Gesturing(instances of gestural system) Text as meaning(instances of semantic system) Text as wording (instances of lexicogrammatical system) 1.5 The location of grammar in language, the role of the corpus 1.5.1 Recapitulation: locating the present work on the map of language Matrices defined by the semiotic dimension the lexicogrammatical function rank matrix in relation to the stratification- instantiation matrix(see Fig. 1-13 on p.32 1.4.2 Text and corpus The corpus is fundamental to the enterprise of theorizing language The criteria of a good corpus (1) The data are authentic (2)The data include spoken language, ranging from fairly formal or at least self-monitored speech(as in interviews)to casual, spontaneous chatter (3)The corpus makes it possible to study grammar in quantitative terms 1. 6 Theory, description and analysis differ in their relation to data- they differ in degree of abstraction from data but they In empirical approaches to language, all three are grounded in data, but they A. Distinction between analysis and description When we observe a language, we observe it as text- as a flow of speech or as (typically) discrete We undertake the analysis of texts by means of description of the systems that B Distinction between description and th While a description is an account of the system of a particular language, a the ccount of lang7 Context of situation (instances of cultural system) Gesturing (instances of gestural system) Text as meaning (instances of semantic system) Text as wording (instances of lexicogrammatical system) 1.5 The location of grammar in language, the role of the corpus 1.5.1 Recapitulation: locating the present work on the map of language Matrices defined by the semiotic dimension: the lexicogrammatical function – rank matrix in relation to the stratification – instantiation matrix (see Fig. 1-13 on p.32) 1.4.2 Text and corpus The corpus is fundamental to the enterprise of theorizing language. The criteria of a good corpus: (1) The data are authentic. (2) The data include spoken language, ranging from fairly formal or at least self-monitored speech (as in interviews) to casual, spontaneous chatter. (3) The corpus makes it possible to study grammar in quantitative terms. 1.6 Theory, description and analysis In empirical approaches to language, all three are grounded in data, but they differ in their relation to data – they differ in degree of abstraction from data. A. Distinction between analysis and description When we observe a language, we observe it as text – as a flow of speech or as (typically) discrete pieces of writing. We undertake the analysis of texts by means of description of the systems that lies behind instances. B. Distinction between description and theory While a description is an account of the system of a particular language, a theory is an account of language in general