王文瑞等：高温应变栅丝蠕变对应变测量精度影响与补偿 95 表3铁铬铝应变片载荷对测量精度影响误差验证试验结果 Table 3 Creep error verification test results of the load influence of the FeCrAl strain gauge on the measurement precision 温度/K 时间/min 砝码质量/kg 理论应变/10~6测量应变/10-6 载荷修正后应变/106 修正后的误差/% 673 9 30 25 26.87 25.76 3.04 673 10 的 29 30.56 29.79 2.72 673 10 40 33 34.38 33.98 2.96 673 10 5 37 39.20 38.30 3.51 673 10 50 名 43.21 42.30 3.17 673 10 60 50 53.59 51.90 3.80 (2)搭建了高温应变栅丝蠕变电测系统，对应变 研究.固体火箭技术，2015,38(3)：439) 栅丝的蠕变特性进行试验研究，确定出诺顿蠕变模型 [7]Li J H,Han L,Duan J A,et al.Interface mechanism of ultrason- 参数，并绘制应变栅丝的蠕变曲线，经验证高温应变电 ic flip chip bonding.Appl Phys Lett,2007,90(24):242902 [8]Li J H,Wang D,Ji DA,et al.Structural design and control of a 测系统准确可靠 small-MRF damper under 50 N soft-landing applications./EEE (3)建立了蠕变仿真的有限元模型，仿真了温度、 Trans Ind Inf.2015,11(3):612 时间、应力、材料等影响因素对应变栅丝蠕变输出的影 [9]Rohrbach C,Lexow J.Miniature force transducers with strain gau- 响，发现温度越高、时间越长、应力越大、材料的弹性模 ges.Measurement,1986,4(3):93 量越大，应变栅丝的蠕变应变越大，因此在利用应变片 [10]Mittmann H U,Czaika N,Czichos H.A new device for simulta- 测量高温应变的时候，应选取弹性模量小的栅丝制作 neous measurement of friction force,normal force and friction co- 的应变片，并快速读取数据 efficient.Wear,1975,31(1)179 [11] Yin F Y,Wang W R,Yan X Q.High Temperature Low Tem- (4)通过对应变片进行的长期蠕变试验观测，建 perature Resistance Strain Gauge and Its Application.Beijing: 立了应变测量的蠕变误差修正模型，并对修正模型 National Defense Industry Press,2014 进行试验验证，发现误差修正模型使测量精度大幅 (尹福炎，王文瑞，闫晓强.高温/低温电阻应变片及其应 度提高 用.北京：国防工业出版社，2014) [12] National Technical Supervision Bureau.B/T139992-92 Resist- 参考文献 ance Strain Gauge.Beijing:China Standard Press,1992 [1]Wang W R,Zhang J M,Ren X,et al.Research and calibration (国家技术监督局.B/T139992一92电阻应变计.北京：中 experiment of characteristic parameters of high temperature resist- 国标准出版社，1992) ance strain gauges.Sens Transducers,2013,159(11):324 [13]Kang C S,Wang W X,Yuan S,et al.Research progress on [2]Yin F Y.Correction method for high temperature strain gage under high temperature creep behavior of magnesium alloy and magnesi- transient heating condition.Struct Enriron Eng,2005,32(1): um matrix composites.Foundry Technol,2008,29(2):253 36 (亢春生，王武孝，袁森，等镁合金及镁基复合材料的高温 (尹福炎.瞬态加热条件下高温应变计测量误差的修正方法 蠕变研究进展.铸造技术，2008,29(2)：253) 强度与环境，2005,32(1)：36) [14]Jiang YZ,Zhang MM,Li L Q.Study on nonlinear viscoelastic [3]Yi H,Zhang W.Error due to transverse sensitivity in strain gages plastic creep model of rock and its parameter identification.Chin and its correction.Helicopter Tech,2011(1):60 J Rock Mech Eng,2008,27(4):832 (易晖，张卫.应变片横向效应对应变测量的影响与修正.直 (蒋昱州，张明鸣，李良权.岩石非线性黏弹塑性蠕变模型 升机技术，2011(1)：60) 研究及其参数识别.岩石力学与工程学报，2008,27(4)： [4]Wu D,Chen D J,Zhang S H,et al.High temperature strain 832) measurement of typical components in hypersonic vehicle.Missile [15]Zhou C B,Wan Z J,Zhang Y,et al.Creep characteristics and Space Veh,2012,32(6):30 constitutive model of gas coal mass under high temperature and (吴东，陈德江，张松贺，等.高超声速飞行器典型部位高温 triaxial stress.J China Coal Soc,2012,37(12):2020 应变测量.导弹与航天运载技术，2012,32(6)：30) (周长冰，万志军，张源，等。高温三轴应力下气煤的蠕变特 [5] Ye YX,Sun T H,Ai YT.Simulation study of temperature influ- 征及本构模型.煤炭学报，2012,37(12)：2020) ence on testing precision of strain gauge.J Shenyang Aerosp Univ, [16]Lin H S.Researches on compensation of creep of load cell. 2013,30(2):27 Instrum Technol,2005,56(3):84 (叶迎西，孙天贺，艾延廷.温度对电阻应变片测量精度影响 (林浩顺.电阻应变式称重传感器蠕变补偿研究.仪表技 的仿真研究.沈阳航空航天大学学报，2013.30(2)：27) 术，2005,56(3)：84) [6]Wang W R,Zhang J M,Nie S.Simulation and experiment on in- [17]Wu Z D,Tao B Q.Principle and Technology of Strain Measure- fluence factor of contact high temperature strain measurement ac- ment.Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1982 curacy.J Solid Rocket Technol,2015,38(3):439 (吴宗岱，陶宝祺.应变电测原理及技术.北京：国防工业出 (王文瑞，张佳明，聂帅.高温应变接触式测量精度影响因素 版社，1982)王文瑞等: 高温应变栅丝蠕变对应变测量精度影响与补偿 表 3 铁铬铝应变片载荷对测量精度影响误差验证试验结果 Table 3 Creep error verification test results of the load influence of the FeCrAl strain gauge on the measurement precision 温度/ K 时间/ min 砝码质量/ kg 理论应变/ 10 - 6 测量应变/ 10 - 6 载荷修正后应变/ 10 - 6 修正后的误差/ % 673 10 30 25 26郾 87 25郾 76 3郾 04 673 10 35 29 30郾 56 29郾 79 2郾 72 673 10 40 33 34郾 38 33郾 98 2郾 96 673 10 45 37 39郾 20 38郾 30 3郾 51 673 10 50 41 43郾 21 42郾 30 3郾 17 673 10 60 50 53郾 59 51郾 90 3郾 80 (2) 搭建了高温应变栅丝蠕变电测系统,对应变 栅丝的蠕变特性进行试验研究,确定出诺顿蠕变模型 参数,并绘制应变栅丝的蠕变曲线,经验证高温应变电 测系统准确可靠. (3) 建立了蠕变仿真的有限元模型,仿真了温度、 时间、应力、材料等影响因素对应变栅丝蠕变输出的影 响,发现温度越高、时间越长、应力越大、材料的弹性模 量越大,应变栅丝的蠕变应变越大,因此在利用应变片 测量高温应变的时候,应选取弹性模量小的栅丝制作 的应变片,并快速读取数据. (4) 通过对应变片进行的长期蠕变试验观测,建 立了应变测量的蠕变误差修正模型,并对修正模型 进行试验验证,发现误差修正模型使测量精度大幅 度提高. 参 考 文 献 [1] Wang W R, Zhang J M, Ren X, et al. Research and calibration experiment of characteristic parameters of high temperature resist鄄 ance strain gauges. Sens Transducers, 2013, 159(11): 324 [2] Yin F Y. Correction method for high temperature strain gage under transient heating condition. Struct Environ Eng, 2005, 32 (1 ): 36 (尹福炎. 瞬态加热条件下高温应变计测量误差的修正方法. 强度与环境, 2005, 32(1): 36) [3] Yi H, Zhang W. Error due to transverse sensitivity in strain gages and its correction. Helicopter Tech, 2011(1): 60 (易晖, 张卫. 应变片横向效应对应变测量的影响与修正. 直 升机技术, 2011(1): 60) [4] Wu D, Chen D J, Zhang S H, et al. High temperature strain measurement of typical components in hypersonic vehicle. Missile Space Veh, 2012, 32(6): 30 (吴东, 陈德江, 张松贺, 等. 高超声速飞行器典型部位高温 应变测量. 导弹与航天运载技术, 2012, 32(6): 30) [5] Ye Y X, Sun T H, Ai Y T. Simulation study of temperature influ鄄 ence on testing precision of strain gauge. J Shenyang Aerosp Univ, 2013, 30(2): 27 (叶迎西, 孙天贺, 艾延廷. 温度对电阻应变片测量精度影响 的仿真研究. 沈阳航空航天大学学报, 2013, 30(2): 27) [6] Wang W R, Zhang J M, Nie S. Simulation and experiment on in鄄 fluence factor of contact high temperature strain measurement ac鄄 curacy. J Solid Rocket Technol, 2015, 38(3): 439 (王文瑞, 张佳明, 聂帅. 高温应变接触式测量精度影响因素 研究. 固体火箭技术, 2015, 38(3): 439) [7] Li J H, Han L, Duan J A, et al. Interface mechanism of ultrason鄄 ic flip chip bonding. Appl Phys Lett, 2007, 90(24): 242902 [8] Li J H, Wang D, Ji D A, et al. Structural design and control of a small鄄MRF damper under 50 N soft鄄landing applications. IEEE Trans Ind Inf, 2015, 11(3): 612 [9] Rohrbach C, Lexow J. Miniature force transducers with strain gau鄄 ges. Measurement, 1986, 4(3): 93 [10] Mittmann H U, Czaika N, Czichos H. A new device for simulta鄄 neous measurement of friction force, normal force and friction co鄄 efficient. Wear, 1975, 31(1): 179 [11] Yin F Y, Wang W R, Yan X Q. High Temperature / Low Tem鄄 perature Resistance Strain Gauge and Its Application. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2014 (尹福炎, 王文瑞, 闫晓强. 高温/ 低温电阻应变片及其应 用. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2014) [12] National Technical Supervision Bureau. B/ T139992—92 Resist鄄 ance Strain Gauge. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1992 (国家技术监督局. B/ T139992—92 电阻应变计. 北京: 中 国标准出版社, 1992) [13] Kang C S, Wang W X, Yuan S, et al. Research progress on high temperature creep behavior of magnesium alloy and magnesi鄄 um matrix composites. Foundry Technol, 2008, 29(2): 253 (亢春生, 王武孝, 袁森, 等. 镁合金及镁基复合材料的高温 蠕变研究进展. 铸造技术, 2008, 29(2): 253) [14] Jiang Y Z, Zhang M M, Li L Q. Study on nonlinear viscoelastic plastic creep model of rock and its parameter identification. Chin J Rock Mech Eng, 2008, 27(4): 832 (蒋昱州, 张明鸣, 李良权. 岩石非线性黏弹塑性蠕变模型 研究及其参数识别. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2008, 27 (4): 832) [15] Zhou C B, Wan Z J, Zhang Y, et al. Creep characteristics and constitutive model of gas coal mass under high temperature and triaxial stress. J China Coal Soc, 2012, 37(12): 2020 (周长冰, 万志军, 张源, 等. 高温三轴应力下气煤的蠕变特 征及本构模型. 煤炭学报, 2012, 37(12): 2020) [16] Lin H S. Researches on compensation of creep of load cell. Instrum Technol, 2005, 56(3): 84 (林浩顺. 电阻应变式称重传感器蠕变补偿研究. 仪表技 术, 2005, 56(3): 84) [17] Wu Z D, Tao B Q. Principle and Technology of Strain Measure鄄 ment. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1982 (吴宗岱, 陶宝祺. 应变电测原理及技术. 北京: 国防工业出 版社, 1982) ·95·