Bilevel CV Problem(BCP)( BCP for a single validation and training split The outer-level leader problem selects the nyperparameters, to perform well on a validation set The follower problem trains an optimal inner-level model for the given hyperparameters, and returns a weight vector for validationBilevel CV Problem (BCP) (1) BCP for a single validation and training split: • The outer-level leader problem selects the hyperparameters, γ, to perform well on a validation set. • The follower problem trains an optimal inner-level model for the given hyperparameters, and returns a weight vector w for validation