Acknowledgments This book is very much a product of the incredibly stimulating and open intellectual environment of the University of California at Berkeley, where I have been privileged to work for the past thirteen years.I could not have done this work anywhere else.Much of what I have learned dur- ing this period has come through interactions with remarkable col- leagues,especially Brent Berlin,Hubert Dreyfus,Charles Fillmore,Jim Greeno,Paul Kay,Eleanor Rosch,Dan Slobin,Eve Sweetser,Len Talmy,Robert Wilensky,and Lotfi Zadeh.I have also been blessed with remarkable students,especially Claudia Brugman,Pamela Downing, Michele Emanatian,Rob MacLaury,Chad McDaniel,and Jeanne van Oosten,and much of this book reflects what I have learned from them. Case study 2 is an extension and elaboration of part of Brugman's 1981 master's thesis.Case study 1 was done jointly with Zoltan Kovecses, whose stay at Berkeley during the 1982-83 academic year was funded by the American Council of Learned Societies.Without their insight,their diligence,and their generosity,this book would be much the poorer. I have also been fortunate to be part of a widespread network of cogni- tive scientists whose research complements my own and who have been unsparingly generous in keeping me informed of their research and in commenting on mine: Alton L.Becker,at the University of Michigan Dwight Bolinger,emeritus from Harvard,now living in Palo Alto Gilles Fauconnier,of the University of Paris at St.Denis Dedre Gentner,at the University of Illinois at Urbana Mark Johnson,at Southern Illinois University Zoltan Kovecses,at Eotvos Lorand University in Budapest Ronald Langacker,at the University of California at San Diego Susan Lindner,in Palo Alto James D.McCawley,at the University of Chicago iⅸAcknowledgments This book is very much a product of the incredibly stimulating and open intellectual environment of the University of California at Berkeley, where I have been privileged to work for the past thirteen years. I could not have done this work anywhere else. Much of what I have learned dur￾ing this period has come through interactions with remarkable col￾leagues, especially Brent Berlin, Hubert Dreyfus, Charles Fillmore, Jim Greeno, Paul Kay, Eleanor Rosch, Dan Slobin, Eve Sweetser, Len Talmy, Robert Wilensky, and Lotti Zadeh. I have also been blessed with remarkable students, especially Claudia Brugman, Pamela Downing, Michele Emanatian, Rob MacLaury, Chad McDaniel, and Jeanne van Oosten, and much of this book reflects what I have learned from them. Case study 2 is an extension and elaboration of part of Brugman's 1981 master's thesis. Case study 1 was done jointly with Zoltan K6vecses, whose stay at Berkeley during the 1982-83 academic year was funded by the American Council of Learned Societies. Without their insight, their diligence, and their gener<?sity, this book would be much the poorer. I have also been fortunate to be part of a widespread network of cogni￾tive scientists whose research complements my own and who have been unsparingly generous in keeping me informed of their research and in commenting on mine: Alton L. Becker, at the University of Michigan Dwight Bolinger, emeritus from Harvard, now living in Palo Alto Gilles Fauconnier, of the University of Paris at St. Denis Dedre Gentner, at the University of Illinois at Urbana Mark Johnson, at Southern Illinois University Zoltan K6vecses, at Eotvos L6rand University in Budapest Ronald Langacker, at the University of California at San Diego Susan Lindner, in Palo Alto James D. McCawley, at the University of Chicago IX