dU-Tds-PdV dH=TdS +VdP dF=-SdT-PdV dG=-SdT+VdP 交叉微商式 1313 dU= TdS –PdV dH= TdS +VdP dF=-SdT-PdV dG=-SdT+VdP 交叉微商式 S V S P V T ( ) ( )   = −   S P S V P T ( ) ( )   =   T V T P V S ( ) ( )   =   T P T V P S ( ) ( )   =   −