Article 54 Loyalty to the Constitution (1) All citizens have the duty to be loyal to the republic and to observe the constitution and the laws (2)Citizens entrusted with public functions must perform them with discipline and honor, and take an oath of office where required by art ll Organization of the Republic Title I Parliament Section i the Two Chambers Article 55[Parliament (1)The parliament consists of the House of Representatives and the senate (2)The parliament holds joint session only in cases defined by the constitution. Article 56 [The House of Representatives (I)The house of representatives is elected by universal and direct suffrage (2) The number of representatives is six hundred and thirty, of which twelve are elected by the constituency of italians abroad. (3) Eligible are voters who have reached the age of twenty-five on election day (4)Having set aside the seats assigned to the constituency of italians abroad, the distribution of seats among the constituencies is alculated by dividing the population of the last general census by six hundred and eighteen, and distributing the seats in proportion to the population of each constituency, based on the quotients and the largest remainders. Article 57 [The Senate (I)The senate is elected on a regional basis except for the seats assigned to the constituency of italians abroad (2)Three hundred and fifteen senators are elected, of which six are elected by the constituency of italians abroad ()No Region shall have fewer than seven senators; Molise has two senators and the Aosta Valley one. (4) Having set aside the seats assigned to the constituency of italiens abroad, the distribution of seats among the regions is calculated proportionally to the population of the last general census, based on the quotients and the largest remainders (1) Senators are elected universally and directly by voters older than twenty-five years 2) Voters older than forty years are eligible to the senate Article 59(Senators for Life] ( 1) Anyone who was president of the republic is a senator for life unless waiving this privilege (2)The president may appoint as senators for life five citizens who have brought honor to the nation through their exceptional accomplishments in the social, scientific, artistic, and literary fields Article 60 [Term (1) The house of representatives and the senate are elected for five years (2) The term of each chamber may not be extended except by law and only in the cas Article 61 Reelections (I)The reelection of new chambers must take place within seventy days from the dissolution of the previous ones. The first session has to be take place no later than twenty days after elections (2)The previous chambers retain their powers until the new chambers meet. Article 62 [ Sessions] (1) Sessions commence on the first days of february and october that are no holidays. (2) Each chamber may be summoned in extraordinary session on the initiative of its speaker, the president of the republic, or of one third of its members (3) If a chamber is summoned for an extraordinary session, the other chamber also convenes Article 63 Sp (1) Each chamber elect a speaker and members of the speakers office from among its members. (2)The speaker and the speakers office of the house of representatives preside when the parliament convenes in joint session. Article 64 [Rules of Procedures] (1) Each Chamber adopt its rules of procedure by a majority of its members (2) Sessions are public, but the chambers or the parliament in joint session may decide to sit in private. (3) Decisions of the chambers and of the parliament require the presence of a majority of the members and the consent of a majority of those present, notwichtstanding special majorities required by the constitution (4)Government members, even if not members of the chambers, have the right to attend sessions and are required to be present if Article 65 [Ineligibility and I (1)Conditions of ineligibilit patibility with the office of deputy or senator are defined by law (2) Nobody may be a membe chambers at the same timeArticle 54 [Loyalty to the Constitution] (1) All citizens have the duty to be loyal to the republic and to observe the constitution and the laws. (2) Citizens entrusted with public functions must perform them with discipline and honor, and take an oath of office where required by law. Part II Organization of the Republic Title I Parliament Section I The Two Chambers Article 55 [Parliament] (1) The parliament consists of the House of Representatives and the senate. (2) The parliament holds joint session only in cases defined by the constitution. Article 56 [The House of Representatives] (1) The house of representatives is elected by universal and direct suffrage. (2) The number of representatives is six hundred and thirty, of which twelve are elected by the constituency of italians abroad. (3) Eligible are voters who have reached the age of twenty-five on election day. (4) Having set aside the seats assigned to the constituency of italians abroad, the distribution of seats among the constituencies is calculated by dividing the population of the last general census by six hundred and eighteen, and distributing the seats in proportion to the population of each constituency, based on the quotients and the largest remainders. Article 57 [The Senate] (1) The senate is elected on a regional basis except for the seats assigned to the constituency of italians abroad. (2) Three hundred and fifteen senators are elected, of which six are elected by the constituency of italians abroad. (3) No Region shall have fewer than seven senators; Molise has two senators and the Aosta Valley one. (4) Having set aside the seats assigned to the constituency of italiens abroad, the distribution of seats among the regions is calculated proportionally to the population of the last general census, based on the quotients and the largest remainders. Article 58 [Elections for the Senate] (1) Senators are elected universally and directly by voters older than twenty-five years. (2) Voters older than forty years are eligible to the senate. Article 59 [Senators for Life] (1) Anyone who was president of the republic is a senator for life unless waiving this privilege. (2) The president may appoint as senators for life five citizens who have brought honor to the nation through their exceptional accomplishments in the social, scientific, artistic, and literary fields. Article 60 [Term] (1) The house of representatives and the senate are elected for five years. (2) The term of each chamber may not be extended except by law and only in the case of war. Article 61 [Reelections] (1) The reelection of new chambers must take place within seventy days from the dissolution of the previous ones. The first session has to be take place no later than twenty days after elections. (2) The previous chambers retain their powers until the new chambers meet. Article 62 [Sessions] (1) Sessions commence on the first days of february and october that are no holidays. (2) Each chamber may be summoned in extraordinary session on the initiative of its speaker, the president of the republic, or of one third of its members. (3) If a chamber is summoned for an extraordinary session, the other chamber also convenes. Article 63 [Speaker] (1) Each chamber elect a speaker and members of the speakers office from among its members. (2) The speaker and the speakers office of the house of representatives preside when the parliament convenes in joint session. Article 64 [Rules of Procedures] (1) Each Chamber adopt its rules of procedure by a majority of its members. (2) Sessions are public, but the chambers or the parliament in joint session may decide to sit in private. (3) Decisions of the chambers and of the parliament require the presence of a majority of the members and the consent of a majority of those present, notwichtstanding special majorities required by the constitution. (4) Government members, even if not members of the chambers, have the right to attend sessions and are required to be present if summoned. They have to be heard on their request. Article 65 [Ineligibility and Incompatibility] (1) Conditions of ineligibility or incompatibility with the office of deputy or senator are defined by law. (2) Nobody may be a member of both chambers at the same time