Contents Contributors xix Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Drivers for Improved Airframe Materials 3 1.3 High-Performance Fiber Composite Concepts 3 1.4 Fiber Reinforcements 6 1.5 Matrices 7 1.6 Polymer Matrix Composites 13 1.7 Non-polymeric Composite Systems 13 1.8 Hybrid Metal/PMC Composites References 21 Bibliography 2 Chapter 2 Basic Principles of Fiber Composite Materials 2.1 Introduction to Fiber Composite Systems 23 2.2 Micromechanical Versus Macromechanical View of Composites 2.3 Micromechanics 2.4 Elastic Constants 26 2.5 Micromechanics Approach to Strength 2.6 Simple Estimate of Compressive Strength 6 2.7 Off-axis Strength in Tension 45 2.8 Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Composites References Chapter 3 Fibers for Polymer-Matrix Composites 3.1 Overview 3.2 Glass Fibers 3.3 Carbon Fibers 3.4 Boron Fibers 3.5 Silicon Carbide 3.6 Aramid Fibers 3.7 Orientated Polyethylene Fibers 557676913429 3.8 Dry Fiber Forms ReferencesContents Contributors Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Introduction and Overview General Drivers for Improved Airframe Materials High-Performance Fiber Composite Concepts Fiber Reinforcements Matrices Polymer Matrix Composites Non-polymeric Composite Systems Hybrid Metal/PMC Composites References Bibliography Chapter 2 2.1 2.2 Basic Principles of Fiber Composite Materials Introduction to Fiber Composite Systems Micromechanical Versus Macromechanical View of Composites 2.3 Micromechanics 2.4 Elastic Constants 2.5 Micromechanics Approach to Strength 2.6 Simple Estimate of Compressive Strength 2.7 Off-axis Strength in Tension 2.8 Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Composites References Chapter 3 Fibers for Polymer-Matrix Composites 3.1 Overview 3.2 Glass Fibers 3.3 Carbon Fibers 3.4 Boron Fibers 3.5 Silicon Carbide 3.6 Aramid Fibers 3.7 Orientated Polyethylene Fibers 3.8 Dry Fiber Forms References xix 1 1 3 3 6 7 13 13 19 21 21 23 23 23 25 26 36 42 45 47 53 55 55 57 63 67 69 71 73 74 79