xiv CONTENTS Chapter 4 Polymeric Matrix Materials 81 4.1 Introduction 81 4.2 Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymer Matrix Materials 86 4.3 Thermosetting Resin Systems 88 4.4 Thermoplastic Systems 108 References 112 Chapter 5 Component Form and Manufacture 113 5.1 Introduction 113 5.2 Outline of General Laminating Procedures 115 5.3 Laminating Procedures For Aircraft-Grade Composite Components 117 5.4 Liquid Resin Molding Techniques 132 5.5 Filament Winding 140 5.6 Pultrusion 145 5.7 Process Modelling 149 5.8 Tooling 158 5.9 Special Thermoplastic Techniques 162 References 169 Chapter 6 Structural Analysis 171 6.1 Overview 171 6.2 Laminate Theory 172 6.3 Stress Concentration and Edge Effects 191 6.4 Failure Theories 194 6.5 Fracture Mechanics 203 6.6 Failure Prediction Near Stress Raisers and Damage Tolerance 204 6.7 Buckling 207 6.8 Summary 209 References 209 Chapter 7 Mechanical Property Measurement 213 7.1 Introduction 213 7.2 Coupon Tests 216 7.3 Laboratory Simulation of Environmental Effects 225 7.4 Measurement of Residual Strength 7.5 Measurement of Interlaminar Fracture Energy References Chapter 8 Properties of Composite Systems 239 8.1 Introduction 239 8.2 Glass-Fiber Composite Systems 241 8.3 Boron Fiber Composite Systems 247 8.4 Aramid Fiber Composite Systems 249 8.5 Carbon Fiber Systems 251 8.6 Properties of Laminates 262xiv CONTENTS Chapter 4 Polymeric Matrix Materials 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymer Matrix Materials 4.3 Thermosetting Resin Systems 4.4 Thermoplastic Systems References Chapter 5 Component Form and Manufacture 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Outline of General Laminating Procedures 5.3 Laminating Procedures For Aircraft-Grade Composite Components 5.4 Liquid Resin Molding Techniques 5.5 Filament Winding 5.6 Pultrusion 5.7 Process Modelling 5.8 Tooling 5.9 Special Thermoplastic Techniques References Chapter 6 Structural Analysis 6.1 Overview 6.2 Laminate Theory 6.3 Stress Concentration and Edge Effects 6.4 Failure Theories 6.5 Fracture Mechanics 6.6 Failure Prediction Near Stress Raisers and Damage Tolerance 6.7 Buckling 6.8 Summary References Chapter 7 Mechanical Property Measurement 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Coupon Tests 7.3 Laboratory Simulation of Environmental Effects 7.4 Measurement of Residual Strength 7.5 Measurement of Interlaminar Fracture Energy References Chapter 8 Properties of Composite Systems 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Glass-Fiber Composite Systems 8.3 Boron Fiber Composite Systems 8.4 Aramid Fiber Composite Systems 8.5 Carbon Fiber Systems 8.6 Properties of Laminates 81 81 86 88 108 112 113 113 115 117 132 140 145 149 158 162 169 171 171 172 191 194 203 204 207 209 209 213 213 216 225 227 231 237 239 239 241 247 249 257 262