植物保护学报 Journal of plant protection,2017,44(4):529-543 DOl:10.13802/ cnki. zwbhxb20172016076 土壤熏蒸剂研究进展 王秋霞颜冬冬!王献礼!吕平香1李雄亚2曹坳程 (1.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193; 2.中华人民共和国环境保护部环境保护对外合作中心,北京100035) 摘要:土壞熏蒸剂可有效防治土传病虫害,但效果最好妤的熏蒸剂溴甲烷由于破坏臭氧层,已被禁止 用在农业上(必要用途豁免除外)。碘甲烷、氯化苦、异硫氰酸甲酯、1,3-二氯丙烯、二甲基二硫、硫 酰氟、棉隆及威百亩是国际上已经登记使用的土壞熏蒸剂;甲酸乙酯、乙二腈、糠醛、丙烯醛是有希 望开发为新的土壤熏蒸剂品种。国内已经商品化的土壞熏蒸剂品种有4种,分别为氯化苦、威百 亩、棉隆和硫酰氟,二甲基二硫正在登记当中。本文系统综述了上述熏蒸剂在应用、环境行为等方 面的研究进展,在未来一段时间内,氯化苦、棉隆及威百亩将会占据着国内土壞熏蒸剂的主要市 场。二甲基二硫的登记也将会改善国内熏蒸剂品种匮乏的局面。 关键词:土壤熏蒸剂;活性;应用;环境行为 Research advances in soil fumigants ang Qiuxia Yan Dongdong Wang Xianli Lu Pingxiang Li Xiongya Cao Aocheng (I. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 2. Foreign Economic Cooperation Office, Ministry f Environmental Protection of the Peoples Republic of China, Beijing 100035, China) Abstract: Soil fumigants are effective in controlling soil-borne pests. Methyl bromide with the highest bioactivity to soil-borne diseases has been phased out in agriculture(except Critical Use Nomination) due to its ozone-depleting potential. Methyl iodide, chloropicrin, methyl isothiocyanate, 1, 3-dichloro- propene, dimethyl disulfide, sulfuryl fluoride, dazomet and metham sodium has been registered as soil fumigants internationally. Ethyl formate, ethanedinitrile, furfural or 2-propenal has the potential as new soil fumigants. There are four types of commercial soil fumigants in China, which are chloropicrin, dazomet, metham sodium and sulfuryl fluoride, and dimethyl disulfide is in the registration process. In his article, the bioactivity, application method and environmental behavior were reviewed. Chloropic rin, dazomet and metham sodium will occupy the main market in China for some time in the future. The registration of dimethyl disulfide will improve the situation of lack of soil fumigation products in China Key words: soil fumigant; bioactivity; application; environmental behavior 保护地和高附加值作物生产中,由于多年连茬土传病虫害的方法主要包括非化学和化学技术。非 种植,造成土壤中病原菌和虫卵积累,土传病害发生化学技术包括选用抗性品种、嫁接技术、轮作、无土 严重。土传病原菌种类多、数量大、在土壤中存活时栽培、深翻、土壤有机质补充、太阳能消毒、生物熏 间长,其发生具有隐蔽性,常导致作物减产甚至绝蒸、蒸汽消毒和热水处理等。抗性品种和嫁接对土 收,损失巨大(毛连纲等,2013)。国际上控制毁灭性传病害有优异的抗性,但是抗多种病害的品种和砧 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31572035) *通讯作者( Author for correspondence),E-mail: caac@vip. sina com 收稿日期:2016-04-22植物保护学报 Journal of Plant Protection，2017，44（4）：529-543 DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2017.2016076 土壤熏蒸剂研究进展 王秋霞1 颜冬冬1 王献礼1 吕平香1 李雄亚2 曹坳程1* （1. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室，北京 100193； 2. 中华人民共和国环境保护部环境保护对外合作中心，北京 100035） 摘要：土壤熏蒸剂可有效防治土传病虫害，但效果最好的熏蒸剂溴甲烷由于破坏臭氧层，已被禁止 用在农业上（必要用途豁免除外）。碘甲烷、氯化苦、异硫氰酸甲酯、1，3-二氯丙烯、二甲基二硫、硫 酰氟、棉隆及威百亩是国际上已经登记使用的土壤熏蒸剂；甲酸乙酯、乙二腈、糠醛、丙烯醛是有希 望开发为新的土壤熏蒸剂品种。国内已经商品化的土壤熏蒸剂品种有4种，分别为氯化苦、威百 亩、棉隆和硫酰氟，二甲基二硫正在登记当中。本文系统综述了上述熏蒸剂在应用、环境行为等方 面的研究进展，在未来一段时间内，氯化苦、棉隆及威百亩将会占据着国内土壤熏蒸剂的主要市 场。二甲基二硫的登记也将会改善国内熏蒸剂品种匮乏的局面。 关键词：土壤熏蒸剂；活性；应用；环境行为 Research advances in soil fumigants Wang Qiuxia1 Yan Dongdong1 Wang Xianli1 Lü Pingxiang1 Li Xiongya2 Cao Aocheng1* （1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 2. Foreign Economic Cooperation Office, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100035, China） Abstract: Soil fumigants are effective in controlling soil-borne pests. Methyl bromide with the highest bioactivity to soil-borne diseases has been phased out in agriculture (except Critical Use Nomination) due to its ozone- depleting potential. Methyl iodide, chloropicrin, methyl isothiocyanate, 1,3- dichloro￾propene, dimethyl disulfide, sulfuryl fluoride, dazomet and metham sodium has been registered as soil fumigants internationally. Ethyl formate, ethanedinitrile, furfural or 2-propenal has the potential as new soil fumigants. There are four types of commercial soil fumigants in China, which are chloropicrin, dazomet, metham sodium and sulfuryl fluoride, and dimethyl disulfide is in the registration process. In this article, the bioactivity, application method and environmental behavior were reviewed. Chloropic￾rin, dazomet and metham sodium will occupy the main market in China for some time in the future. The registration of dimethyl disulfide will improve the situation of lack of soil fumigation products in China. Key words: soil fumigant; bioactivity; application; environmental behavior 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（31572035） * 通讯作者（Author for correspondence），E-mail：caoac@vip.sina.com 收稿日期：2016-04-22 保护地和高附加值作物生产中，由于多年连茬 种植，造成土壤中病原菌和虫卵积累，土传病害发生 严重。土传病原菌种类多、数量大、在土壤中存活时 间长，其发生具有隐蔽性，常导致作物减产甚至绝 收，损失巨大（毛连纲等，2013）。国际上控制毁灭性 土传病虫害的方法主要包括非化学和化学技术。非 化学技术包括选用抗性品种、嫁接技术、轮作、无土 栽培、深翻、土壤有机质补充、太阳能消毒、生物熏 蒸、蒸汽消毒和热水处理等。抗性品种和嫁接对土 传病害有优异的抗性，但是抗多种病害的品种和砧