CONTENTS ix 12.3 Gas-Phase Olefin Polymerization 225 12.4 Solution Polymerization 226 12.5 Interfacial Polycondensation 228 12.6 Suspension Polymerization 229 12.7 Emulsion Polymerization 232 12.8 Summary 234 Problems 234 References 235 PART III.POLYMER PROPERTIES 237 13 RUBBER ELASTICITY 239 13.1 Introduction 239 13.2 Thermodynamics of Elasticity 239 13.3 Statistics of Ideal Rubber Elasticity 246 13.4 Summary 248 Problems 248 References 249 14 INTRODUCTION TO VISCOUS FLOW AND THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYMERS 250 14.1 Introduction 250 14.2 Basic Definitions 251 14.3 Relations Between Shear Force and Shear Rate:Flow Curves 252 14.4 Time-Dependent Flow Behavior 254 14.5 Polymer Melts and Solutions 255 14.6 Quantitative Representation of Flow Behavior 256 14.7 Temperature Dependence of Flow Properties 259 14.8 Influence of Molecular Weight on Flow Properties 262 14.9 The Effects of Pressure on Viscosity 263 14.10 Viscous Energy Dissipation 264 14.11 Poiseuille Flow 265 14.12 Turbulent Flow 268 14.13 Drag Reduction 269 14.14 Summary 271 Problems 271 References 274 15 LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY 276 15.1 Introduction 276 15.2 Mechanical Models for Linear Viscoelastic Response 276