Form-Optimizing Processes in Biological Structures 291 Table 6.1 sAum ans ct ed u品 pytednr 件Te和写 CierS 品 J.Ineaos G-a1小T3药 配 三CLb2 1 00g 3 14n4001 3 Hhy时 Telld eut 1 18 Cuboutaheer门 1230 1 6.an1OH上2 卷 n 号1 5. 寸：1mnrc 3 Fig.16.Closest packing chart,Spheres as Morphological Units [4 Pearce pp57] 5 Structural Optimization in Engineering Genetic algorithms In engineering fields,accomplishing an objective with a minimum of effort,either in terms of material,time or other expense,is a basic activity (Figs.18,19 and 20).For this reason it is easy to understand the interest designers have in different optimiza- tion techniques.Mathematical,as well as,model based tools have traditionally beenForm-Optimizing Processes in Biological Structures 291 Fig. 16. Closest packing chart, Spheres as Morphological Units [4 Pearce pp57] 5 Structural Optimization in Engineering Genetic algorithms In engineering fields, accomplishing an objective with a minimum of effort, either in terms of material, time or other expense, is a basic activity (Figs. 18, 19 and 20). For this reason it is easy to understand the interest designers have in different optimiza￾tion techniques. Mathematical, as well as, model based tools have traditionally been