VoL.23 No.3 凌云汉等：聚变堆面向等离子体SiC/Cu梯度材料的制备与评价 ·261· 片，可见在陶瓷表面只发现轻微裂纹.上述实验 Facing Components.Fusion Technol,1990,175:424 结果表明不同成分材料的抗辐照损伤性能和机 4 Zhang NM,Wang E Y,Qian S J,et al.In-Situ Silicon and 理是不相同的.表面为纯陶瓷的梯度材料有较 Lithium Coating and Its Removal in the HL-IM Tokamak. J Nucl Mater,.1999,266-269:747 好的抗等离子体辐照损伤性能，这可能与材料 5 Sharafat S,Jones R H,Kohyama A,et al.Status and Pro- 中原子之间键合强度的大小及其结构有关. spects for SiC-SiC Composite Materials Development for Fusion Application.Fusion Engineering Design,1995, 3结论 29:411 6 Donato A,Andreani R.Material Requirements and Per- (1)用超高压梯度烧结的新方法首次制备出 spectives for Future Thermonuclear Fusion Reactor.Fus- 了成分变化从0-100%的SiC/Cu梯度材料. ion Technol.,1996,26:58 (2)压力和热处理对SiC/Cu梯度材料的致 7 Snead LL,Jones RH,Kohyama A,et al.Status of Silicon 密化有重要影响.在5×10MPa,7.5V,1.6kA的条 Carbide Composites for Fusion.J Nucl Mater,1996, 233-237:26 件下烧结40s后，再在65%80%的初始加热功 8 Fenici P,Rebelo A J Frias,Jones RH,et al.Current Status 率下热处理30s,可获得接近致密的梯度材料. of SiC/SiC Composites R&D.J Nucl Mater,1998, (3)SiC/Cu梯度材料的化学溅射产额与二次 258-263:215 纯化石墨相比降低了80%，放气率约为石墨的 9 Bloom Everett E.The Challenge of Developing Structural 10%. Materials for Fusion Power System.J Nucl Mater,1998, 258-263:2571 (4)在398MWm的激光热冲击300次，陶瓷 10 Czubarow P,Seyferth D.Application of Poly (methylsil- 表面出现环形和径向裂纹，激光束斑内出现部 ane)and Nicalon Polycarbosilane Precursor as Binder for 分SiC分解现象. Metal/Ceramic Powders in Preparation of Functionally (⑤)在等离子体边缘能量为100-200eV,放 Graded Materials.J Mater Sci,1997,32(8):2121 电辐照66次×1.2s下，SiC/Cu梯度材料的表面 11 Lee YL,Lee SL,Chuang CL,et al.Effects of SiCp Rein- 出现轻微辐照损伤裂纹. forcement by Electroless Copper Plating on Properties of Cu/SiCp Composites.Powder Metallurgy,1998,46(10): 参考文献 3491 1钱家溥.聚变能开发与聚变堆材料研究.见：96中国 12 Mortensen A,Suresh S.Functionally Graded Metals and 材料研讨会论文集.北京，化学工业出版社，1998.215 Metal-Ceramic Composites:Part I Processing.Int Mater 2 Garcia-Rosales C,Gauthier E,Roth J,et al.Temperature- Rev,1995,40(6):239 Dependent Sputtering of Doped Graphite and Boron Car- 13 Robert Young M,Reginald Mcpherson.Temperature- bide.J Nucl Mater,1992,189:1 Gradient-Driven Diffusion in Rapid-Rate Sintering.J Am Mingam C,Conn R W,Dias F,et al.Application of SiC Ceram Soc,.1989,72(6)1080 and B.C Coat-mix Material:A New Candidate for Plasma Processing and Evaluation of Graded SiC/Cu Facing Plasma Composite LING Yunhan,LI Jiangtao,GE Changchun Laboratory of Special Ceramics P/M,UST Beijing,Beijing 100083,China ABSTRACT A near dense graded SiC/Cu plasma facing material with a spectrum of0~100%compositional distributions of SiC was successfully prepared by a new process termed graded sintering under ultra-high pres- sure.Tests on plasma relevant performances showed that the chemical sputtering CD,yield of SiC/Cu graded composite is 80%lower than that of SMF-800 nuclear graphite,while its thermal desorption is about 10%of that graphite;Fatigue cracks and chemical decomposition were found on the surface of SiC/Cu FGM after 300 cycles of thermal impact with a power of 398 MW/m2 laser impulse,slight damage was also observed on the material surface after in-situ plasma irradiation in Tokamak apparatus. KEY WORDS functionally graded material;facing plasma material;silicon carbide;irradiation damageV b l . 23 N 0 . 3 凌云汉 等 : 聚 变堆 面 向等离子体 si C / Cu 梯度材料 的制备与评价 一 26 1 - 片 , 可见在陶瓷表面 只发现轻微裂纹 . 上述实验 结果表 明不 同成 分材料的抗辐照损伤性能和机 理是不 相 同的 . 表 面为纯 陶瓷 的梯度材料有较 好 的抗 等离子体 辐照损 伤性能 , 这可能 与材料 中原子 之间键合 强度 的大小及其结构有关 . 3 结论 ( l) 用超高压梯度烧结 的新方法首次制备 出 了成分 变化从 0一 10 0% 的 SI C C/ u 梯度材 料 . (2 )压力 和热处理对 S IC /C u 梯度材料 的致 密化有重要影响 . 在 x5 l护 M p a , .7 5 V, 1 . 6 kA 的条 件下烧结 40 5后 , 再在 65 % ~ 8 0% 的初始加热 功 率下热处 理 30 5 , 可获得接 近致密 的梯 度材料 . (3 )is C /C u 梯度材料 的化学溅射产额 与二次 纯化石 墨相 比降低 了 80 % , 放气 率约为石 墨的 10% . (4 )在 3 98 M认l]/ tn Z 的激光热 冲击 3 0 次 , 陶瓷 表面 出现环 形和径 向裂纹 , 激光束斑 内出现部 分 is C 分解现象 . (5 ) 在等离 子体边缘 能量为 10 ~2 o e 从 放 电辐照 “ 次 xl . Z s 下 , is C C/ u 梯 度材料 的表面 出现轻微辐照损 伤裂纹 . 参 考 文 献 l 钱家溥 . 聚变能开发与 聚变堆材 料研究 . 见 : ’ % 中国 材料研讨会论文集 . 北京 ,化学 工业出版社 , 19 98 . 2 巧 2 G ar c i a￾oR s a l e s C , G a u it 五e r E , R o ht J, et al . 几 m P e r at ur e - D e P e n d e in S P u t e r l gn o f D o pe d G r a Ph l t e a n d B o r o n C-ar bi de . J N u c l Mat e r` 199 2 , 189 : l 3 M i n g am C , C o n R W, D i as ,F et al . A PP li e at i o n o f SIC 胡 d B ; C C o at 一 m认 M a t e r ial : A N e w C an id dat e fo r Pl a s rn a Fac in g C o m Pon ent s . F su i o n eT e hn o l , 199 0 , 175 : 4 24 4 hZ an g N M J 厄n g E Y, Qian S J , et ia . nI · S iut s i lic on an d L iht i um C o at ign an d Ist eR m vo ia i n het H L 一 IM OT 如叨ak . J N u e 1M 血称 199 9 , 2 6-6 2 6 9 : 74 7 5 Sh ar a af t S , J o n e s R H , oK 妙am a A , et ia , Sat 枉侣 明d P or - s pe c st for SIC · S IC C o m P o s iet M a t e r lal s D e V e l o Pm e 址 fOr F us ion AP P li e at i o n . uF s i o n E n g in e e inr g & D e s i gn , 199 5 , 2 9 : 4 11 6 D o n a to A , 人刀山限耐 R . M at e ir ia eR q u i r e m e in s an d P -er s pe c t (ves for F u ot r e hT emr o n u c l aer uF is on eR a c t 0 .r uF s - i o n eT e hn o l . , 19 6 , 2 6 : 5 8 7 S n e a d L L , 16 n . s R H , K o hy 呱 a A , et al . S at 扛` o f s i li c o n C a r b ide C o m P o s iet s fo r Fus i on . J N uc l M a t e r, 19 6 , 23 3一3 7 : 2 6 8 F e in ic P, eR比 fo A J Fir as , J o n e s R H , et ia . C u n 七 n t s at 奴巧 o f S IC S/ i C C o m OP s i6t s R & D . J Nu c l M a te r , 19 9 8 , 25 8-2 63 : 2 15 9 B lo m E v e r e t E . Th e C树l e n g e o f D ve e l叩访g s lt ” c 奴U al M a t e ir al s for F u s l o n P ow er Sy s t e m . J N u c l M al 比 r, 199 8, 2 58一 63 : 2 57 1 1 0 C UZ b a ro w p , S e y fe rt h D . A PP li以i o n o f P o ly m( e ht y l s i l · aen ) 朋d iN c ia o n P o ly c ar b o is l acn P r e e明or as B i n d e r for M e at F C e ~ ic P o w d e sr in P er Par a t ion o f F nU e ti o an l ly G r a ded M at e r l ia s . J M aet r S e i , 199 7 , 32( 8) : 2 12 1 11 L e e Y L , L e e S L , C h u an g C L , et a l . E fe e st o f s iCP 称in · 伪 r c em ent by E l e e otr l e s s C o P P er P l a t i n g o n P r o P e irt es o f C侧S IC P C o m P o s iet s . P o w d e r M e t a 11山名y, 1 998 , 46 ( 10) : 349 1 12 M o rt e n s en A , S uer hs 5 F u n e ti o n al ly G r a d e d M e at l s an d M e at l 一 C e r aJ 刀i e C om P o s iet s : P art 1 P r co e s s ign . ntI M aet r R e 从 19 95 , 4 0( 6) : 2 3 9 13 oR be rt oY u n g M , eR g in a ld M c phe sr on . eT m P e r at ur e - G r a id e n t屯廿玉v en D l fl 汕s i on in R a P id . R a te S in t e ir n g . J A m C e r aJ 叮 Sco , 19 89 , 7 2 ( 6 ) 1 0 80 P or e e s s i n g an d E v a l u a t i o n o f Gr a d e d S IC /C u F ac in g P l a s m a C o m P o s i et 五扒心 uY hn an, IL 涌必雌 art o , G 双hC a 脚粥加 n L a be art o yr o f s pe c i a l C e n ” n i c s & PM/ , U S T B e ij ing , B e ij in g 10 0 0 8 3 , C h ina A B S T R A C T A n e ar de n s e gr a d e d S IC c/ u Pl a sm a fac ing m at ier a l w iht a sP e c tur m o f ~0 10 0% e o 圳OP s it ona l id istr b ut ion s o f S iC w a s su e e e s s fu lly P r e P aer d by a n ew Pr o e e s s t e n n e d gr a d e d s 1nt e inr g un d er u 1tr -a hi hg Per s - s 1) 『e . eT st s on Pl a sm a er l e v ant Pe r fo n n an e e s hs o w e d ht at ht e e h e m l c al sP ut er ing C D 4 y i e ld o f s iC /C u gr a d e d e o m P o s it e 1 5 8 0% l o w er ht an ht at o f SM F 一 8 0 0 nuc l e ar g r ap h iet , w hi l e it s ht e n n al de s o rp t lon 1 5 ab out 10% o f ht at gr aP h it e ; Fiat g u e c r a c k s an d e h em i e al de e o m Po s iit on w er fo un d on ht e sur fa e e o f s iC C/ u F G M a ft e r 3 0 0 c y c l e s o f ht e n n al 加Pa c t w iht a Po w er o f 3 9 8加n 万m/ 2 1 a s er 加Pu l s e , s li g h t d am ag e w a s al s o ob s ver e d on het m at e ir al s切悉那e a fet r 证 s iut lP a sm a 谊a id iat on in oT k aJ 叮ak aP Par al 卫.s K E Y W O R D S 丘nI c it o an lly gr a ds d m aet ir a l: fac in g Pl a sm a m aet ir al : s ili e on c ar b ld e ; 谊iad at ion d 田卫 ag e