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712 环境化学 33卷 射指数较易确定,而对部分具有吸收作用的气溶胶折射指数则存在相当大的偏差的;其次,对Me理论 的求解建立在假设球型颗粒物的基础上,但颗粒物的形态不同,其消光性质也有差异.最后,假设重构 的化学物种较少,且颗粒物化学组分粒径谱分布假设也过于简单.因此,鉴于其在实际中的广泛应用,亟 待对Mie理论公式进行进一步的修正,并对气溶胶的吸湿性增长特性以及各化学组分的消光系数开展 更深入的研究,以及在不同形态特征引起的气溶胶消光变化方面,应尽快积累足够多的数据以便进行模 型计算,完善对数值模型的不确定性评估. 针对国内光学特性研究手段单一,且缺乏系统性的现状,亟待对其研究方法进行完善,以便能与大 气订正、气候模型研究相适应.此外还需完善国内气溶胶消光系数和细粒子化学成分(PM2、离子成分 碳质组分和微量金属元素)的监测网络,校正气溶胶的吸湿增长因子,减少化学组分消光拟合公式结果 与实测值之间的误差,从而准确定量各化学成分不同区域、季节的消光贡献,为城市空气质量改善提供 科学的根据 参考文献 [1] Han S, Bian H, Zhang Y, et al. Effect of aerosols on visibility and radiation in spring 2009 in Tianjin, China [I. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 2012,12:211-17 [2] Leibensperger EM, Mickley L, Jacob D, et al. Climatic effects of 1950-2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols-art 1: Aerosol trends and radiative forcing [. Atmos Chem Phvs, 2012, 12 (7): 3333-3348 [3] Lohmann U, Feichter J. Global indirect aerosol effects: A review [. Atmos Chem Phys, 2005, 5(3): 715-737 [4] PaschI U. Atmospheric aerosols: Composition, transformation, climate and health effects [ Angewandte Chemie Intemational Edition 2005,44(46):7520-7540 [5] Ramanathan V, Crutzen P, Kiehl J, et al. Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle [n. Science, 2001, 294(5549): 2119-2124 [6] Deng X, Tie X, Wu D, et al. LongTerm trend of visibility and its characterizations in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region, China [ n tmos Environ,2008,42(7):1424-143 [7 1 Chang D, Song Y, Liu B. Visibility trends in six megacities in China 1973-2007 []. Atmos Res, 2009, 94(2): 161-167 [8] Zhang X, Wang Y, Niu T, et al. Atmospheric aerosol compositions in China: spatial/temporal variability, chemical signature, regional haze distribution and comparisons with global aerosols []. Atmos Chem Phys, 2012, 12(2): 779-799 [9] Zhao P, Zhang X, Xu X, et al. Long-erm visibility trends and characteristics in the region of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, China [ Atmos res,2011,l01(3):711-718 no]黄健,吴兑,黄敏辉.1954-2004年珠江三角洲大气能见度变化趋势.应用气象学报,208,19(1):61-70 n1]范引琪,李春强.1980—2003年京津冀地区大气能见度变化趋势研究.高原气象,2008,27(6):1392-1400 D2]马雁军,左洪超,张云海,等.辽宁中部城市群大气能见度变化趋势及影响因子分析口.高原气象,2005,24(4):623-628 [3] Seinfeld J H, Pandis S N. Atmospheric chemistry and physics: From air pollution to climate change [M]. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc, 2012: 691-711 [14] Chan Y, Simpson R, Mctainsh G H, et al. Source apportionment of visibility degradation problems in Brisbane Australia)using the multiple linear regression techniques [I. Atmos Environ, 1999, 33(19): 3237-3250 [15] Anderson T, Covert D, Marshall S, et al. Performance characteristics of a high-sensitivity, threewavelength, total scatter/backscatter phelometer [I. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1996,13(5):967-986 [16] Heintzenberg J, Wiedensohler A, Tuch T, et al. Intercomparisons and aerosol calibrations of 12 commercial integrating nephelometers of three manufacturers [I. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2006,23(7):902-914 [17] Miller T, Nowak A, Wiedensohler A, et al. Angular illumination and truncation of three different integrating nephelometers: Implications size-based corrections [l. Aerosol Sci Tech, 2009, 43(6): 581-5 [18] Anderson T L, Ogren J A. Determining aerosol radiative properties using the TSI 3563 integrating nephelometer [I. Aerosol Sci Tech 1998,29(1):57-69 9]范学花,陈洪滨,夏祥鳌.中国大气气溶胶辐射特性参数的观测与研究进展D].大气科学,2013,37(2):477-498 [20] Bond T C, Bergstrom R W. Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: An investigative review [I. Aerosol Sci Tech, 2006,40(1) [21] Day D E, Malm W C, Kreidenweis SM. Aerosol light scattering measurements as a function of relative humidity [] J Air Waste Manage 2000,50(5):710-716 22] Charlson R. Atmospheric visibility related to aerosol mass concentration: [n. Environ Sci Technol, 1969,3(10): 913-918 23] Ettinger H J, RoyerG W. Visibility and mass concentration in a nonurban environment [. Japca J Air Waste Ma, 1972, 22(2): 108-111 D4]陈义珍,赵丹,柴发合,等.广州市与北京市大气能见度与颗粒物质量浓度的关系].中国环境科学,2010(007):967-71 21994-2014ChinaAcademicJOurnalElectronicpUblishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp:/www.cnki.net712 环 境 化 学 33 卷 射指数较易确定,而对部分具有吸收作用的气溶胶折射指数则存在相当大的偏差[23]; 其次,对 Mie 理论 的求解建立在假设球型颗粒物的基础上,但颗粒物的形态不同,其消光性质也有差异. 最后,假设重构 的化学物种较少,且颗粒物化学组分粒径谱分布假设也过于简单. 因此,鉴于其在实际中的广泛应用,亟 待对 Mie 理论公式进行进一步的修正,并对气溶胶的吸湿性增长特性以及各化学组分的消光系数开展 更深入的研究,以及在不同形态特征引起的气溶胶消光变化方面,应尽快积累足够多的数据以便进行模 型计算,完善对数值模型的不确定性评估. 针对国内光学特性研究手段单一,且缺乏系统性的现状,亟待对其研究方法进行完善,以便能与大 气订正、气候模型研究相适应. 此外还需完善国内气溶胶消光系数和细粒子化学成分( PM2. 5、离子成分、 碳质组分和微量金属元素) 的监测网络,校正气溶胶的吸湿增长因子,减少化学组分消光拟合公式结果 与实测值之间的误差,从而准确定量各化学成分不同区域、季节的消光贡献,为城市空气质量改善提供 科学的根据. 参 考 文 献 [1] Han S,Bian H,Zhang Y,et al. Effect of aerosols on visibility and radiation in spring 2009 in Tianjin,China[J]. Aerosol Air Qual Res, 2012,12: 211-217 [2] Leibensperger EM,Mickley L,Jacob D,et al. Climatic effects of 1950—2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols-Part 1: Aerosol trends and radiative forcing [J]. Atmos Chem Phys,2012,12( 7) : 3333-3348 [3] Lohmann U,Feichter J. Global indirect aerosol effects: A review [J]. Atmos Chem Phys,2005,5( 3) : 715-737 [4] Pschl U. Atmospheric aerosols: Composition,transformation,climate and health effects[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2005,44( 46) : 7520-7540 [5] Ramanathan V,Crutzen P,Kiehl J,et al. Aerosols,climate,and the hydrological cycle [J]. Science,2001,294( 5549) : 2119-2124 [6] Deng X,Tie X,Wu D,et al. Long-term trend of visibility and its characterizations in the Pearl River Delta ( PRD) region,China[J]. Atmos Environ,2008,42( 7) : 1424-1435 [7] Chang D,Song Y,Liu B. Visibility trends in six megacities in China 1973—2007 [J]. Atmos Res,2009,94( 2) : 161-167 [8] Zhang X,Wang Y,Niu T,et al. Atmospheric aerosol compositions in China: spatial /temporal variability,chemical signature,regional haze distribution and comparisons with global aerosols[J]. Atmos Chem Phys,2012,12( 2) : 779-799 [9] Zhao P,Zhang X,Xu X,et al. Long-term visibility trends and characteristics in the region of Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei,China[J]. Atmos Res,2011,101( 3) : 711-718 [10] 黄健,吴兑,黄敏辉. 1954—2004 年珠江三角洲大气能见度变化趋势 [J]. 应用气象学报,2008,19( 1) : 61-70 [11] 范引琪,李春强. 1980—2003 年京津冀地区大气能见度变化趋势研究 [J]. 高原气象,2008,27( 6) : 1392-1400 [12] 马雁军,左洪超,张云海,等. 辽宁中部城市群大气能见度变化趋势及影响因子分析 [J]. 高原气象,2005,24( 4) : 623-628 [13] Seinfeld J H,Pandis S N. Atmospheric chemistry and physics: From air pollution to climate change [M]. Hoboken,New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc,2012: 691-711 [14] Chan Y,Simpson R,Mctainsh G H,et al. Source apportionment of visibility degradation problems in Brisbane ( Australia) using the multiple linear regression techniques[J]. Atmos Environ,1999,33( 19) : 3237-3250 [15] Anderson T,Covert D,Marshall S,et al. Performance characteristics of a high-sensitivity,three-wavelength,total scatter/backscatter nephelometer [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,1996,13( 5) : 967-986 [16] Heintzenberg J,Wiedensohler A,Tuch T,et al. Intercomparisons and aerosol calibrations of 12 commercial integrating nephelometers of three manufacturers[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2006,23( 7) : 902-914 [17] Müller T,Nowak A,Wiedensohler A,et al. Angular illumination and truncation of three different integrating nephelometers: Implications for empirical,size-based corrections[J]. Aerosol Sci Tech,2009,43( 6) : 581-586 [18] Anderson T L,Ogren J A. Determining aerosol radiative properties using the TSI 3563 integrating nephelometer [J]. Aerosol Sci Tech, 1998,29( 1) : 57-69 [19] 范学花,陈洪滨,夏祥鳌. 中国大气气溶胶辐射特性参数的观测与研究进展 [J]. 大气科学,2013,37( 2) : 477-498 [20] Bond T C,Bergstrom R W. Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: An investigative review[J]. Aerosol Sci Tech,2006,40( 1) : 27- 67 [21] Day D E,Malm W C,Kreidenweis SM. Aerosol light scattering measurements as a function of relative humidity[J]. J Air Waste Manage, 2000,50( 5) : 710-716 [22] Charlson R. Atmospheric visibility related to aerosol mass concentration: review [J]. Environ Sci Technol,1969,3( 10) : 913-918 [23] Ettinger H J,Royer G W. Visibility and mass concentration in a nonurban environment [J]. Japca J Air Waste Ma,1972,22( 2) : 108-111 [24] 陈义珍,赵丹,柴发合,等. 广州市与北京市大气能见度与颗粒物质量浓度的关系 [J]. 中国环境科学,2010( 007) : 967-971
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