PART II SELECTED CURRENT ISSUES IN THE FOREST SECTOR in the number of scientific articles published by region hint at disproportionate efforts and the TABLE 10 marginalization of developing countries in Number of scientific articles published in knowledge advances. In 1999, North America different regions and Western Europe accounted for about 70 percent of scientific articles published, while sub- Saharan Africa accounted for about 0.6 percent of publications (Table 10). Furthermore, the broad groupings conceal disparities within regions. For example, North america lia,China, India and Jay 183211 94 percent of the publications in the Asia and the Pacific region. In sub-Saharan Africa, 56 percent Asia and the pacific 101369 of scientific articles were published in South Eastern Europe and Central Asia 30763 Africa. What is more disturbing, however, is Near East and North Africa 7659 9086 significant decline in sub-Saharan African out between 1986 and 1999 Latin America 5583 Although data comparing research and Sub-Saharan Africa development efforts in the forest sector in World 462745 28643 different countries are limited, they appear to Source: NSF 2002. mirror the overall situation described in the previous paragraphs. For example, almost perent of the member institutions of the An overview of science and technology investment Research and development investment in the 28 OECD US$16 345 million(NSF, 2002), while the total budget of countries in 1998 was estimated at US$502 billion the 16 CGIAr centres in that year was US$331 million seven countries accounted for 85 percent, and the (CGAR,2000 United States alone accounted for 44 percent of the total (NSF,2002 culture, forestry and fisheries in the United States in 1999 In 1997-1998, the United States registered an average of was estimated at US$15 528 million(NSF, 2002), while 3.3 patents per 1 000 people. South Africa, industrially government investment in agricultural research in India, the most developed country in sub-Saharan Africa, had a country with a relatively well-developed national re- only 0.03 patents per 1 000 people, while India had just arch system, was US$348 million in 1995( Pray and 0.001all2001) Fuglie, 2001) Per capita productive enterprise research and develop. An increasing proportion of research investment in OECD ment for Japan in 1997-1998 was US$858. 4, while for countries comes from the private sector. In 1981, industry Brazil, South Africa and China it was USS13.7, $12.8 and accounted for 51 percent of the total OECD research and $0.9, respectively (Lall, 2001). development outlay of US$251 billion. By 1998, this had United States Federal Government support for academic increased to 62.5 percent, while the total outlay had al- agricultural research and development in 2000 was most doubled(Pray and Fuglie, 2001).99 SECTOR FOREST THE IN ISSUES CURRENT SELECTED II PART by published articles scientific of number the in the and efforts disproportionate at hint region in countries developing of marginalization America North, 1999 In. advances knowledge 70 about for accounted Europe Western and percent 6.0 about for accounted Africa Saharan￾sub while, published articles scientific of percent groupings broad the, Furthermore). 10 Table( ,example For. regions within disparities conceal for accounted Japan and India, China, Australia the and Asia the in publications the of percent 94 percent 56, Africa Saharan-sub In. region Pacific South in published were articles scientific of the is, however, disturbing more is What. Africa output African Saharan-sub in decline significant .1999 and 1986 between and research comparing data Although in sector forest the in efforts development to appear they, limited are countries different the in described situation overall the mirror almost, example For. paragraphs previous the of institutions member the of percent 70 Number Number Region publications of publications of 1999 in 1986 in 211 183 138 199 America North 548 188 496 143 Europe Western 369 101 931 59 Pacific the and Asia 763 30 299 42 Asia Central and Europe Eastern 086 9 659 7 Africa North and East Near 034 12 583 5 America Latin 632 3 639 4 Africa Saharan-Sub 643 528 745 462 World .2002, NSF: Source OECD 28 the in investment development and Research• ;billion 502$US at estimated was 1998 in countries the and, percent 85 for accounted countries seven total the of percent 44 for accounted alone States United .(2002, NSF( of average an registered States United the, 1998–1997 In• industrially, Africa South. people 000 1 per patents 3.3 had, Africa Saharan-sub in country developed most the just had India while, people 000 1 per patents 03.0 only .(2001, Lall (001.0 for while, 4.858$US was 1998–1997 in Japan for ment￾develop and research enterprise productive capita Per• and 8.12, $7.13$US was it China and Africa South, Brazil .(2001, Lall (respectively, 9.0$ academic for support Government Federal States United• was 2000 in development and research agricultural of budget total the while), 2002, NSF (million 345 16$US million 331$US was year that in centres CGIAR 16 the .(2000, CGIAR( 1999 in States United the in fisheries and forestry, culture￾agri for support development and research Government• while), 2002, NSF (million 528 15$US at estimated was ,India in research agricultural in investment government and Pray (1995 in million 348$US was, system search￾re national developed-well relatively a with country a .(2001, Fuglie OECD in investment research of proportion increasing An• industry, 1981 In. sector private the from comes countries and research OECD total the of percent 51 for accounted had this, 1998 By. billion 251$US of outlay development .(2001, Fuglie and Pray (doubled most￾al had outlay total the while, percent 5.62 to increased investment technology and science of overview An 10 TABLE in published articles scientific of Number regions different