Efficiency of growth and product fomation 1) The main product appears as a result of primary energy metabolism. Examples production of biomass, ethanol and gluconic acid 2)The main product arises indirectly from energy metabolism. Examples: citric acid and some amino acids 3)The main product is independently elaborated by the organism and does not arise directly from energy metabolism(the product is a secondary metabolite). Example antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin 4)Biotransformation, in which the main productis formed from substrate through or more reactions catalysed by enzymes in the cells. Examples: ste hoie hydroxylation Figure 3. 1 illustrates the main patterns for batch fermentation process kinetics for type AA Type 3 Time product formaton Figure 3. 1 General pattems for batch fermentation process kinetics type 1 In type 1 processes, substrate utilisation, biomass formation and product formation are linked in a simple chemical reaction. For example, if the product contains C, H,oonly, re simply extend the biomass material balance equation used earlier. d CH O +O+CHOm Nn-> CHa OB Na+d H2o +e CO2+f ow E-3.9 productEfficiency of growth and product formation 43 1) The main product appears as a result of primary energy metabolism. Examples: production of biomass, ethanol and gluconic acid. 2) The main product arises indirectly from energy metabolism. Examples: citric acid and some amino acids. 3) The main product is independently elaborated by the organism and does not arise directly from energy metabolism (the product is a secondary metabolite). Example: antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin. 4) Biotransformation, in which the main product is formed from substrate through one or more reactions catalysed by enzymes in the cells. Examples: steroid hydroxylation. Figure 3.1 illustrates the main patterns for batch fermentation process kinetics for type 1,2 and 3 processes. Figure 3.1 General patterns for batch fermentation process kinetics. In type 1 processes, substrate utilisation, biomass formation and product formation am linked in a simple chemical reaction. For example, if the product contains C, H, 0 only, we simply extend the biomass material balance equation used earlier: type 1 d CHI 0, + b’a + C% 0, N, - > U-LOpNa + dHzO+e’COr + j’CH,a E - 3.9 biomass product