1. The olympian Gods Summary 鸿蒙之初,天地尚未分开,宇宙陷入无边虚空,一团黑暗混沌,唯 Chaos(混 沌之神)孕育其中。该神诞下大地之母、爱神、地狱神、黑暗神、和黑夜神。其 中黑暗神 Erebus和夜神Nyx,兄妹结合生出白昼神、冥河神、死亡神、毁灭神 睡神、梦神以及命运女神等一大批神。此为希腊神话中的原始诸神,或称第一批 神 大地之母Gaea独自生出了天神 Uranus,后有苍穹之神 Uranus主宰世界,与 母Gaea(大地女神)结合产生了一代提坦巨人( the titans)、独目巨灵和百臂巨 灵。子女谋反, Cronus取代父神 Uranus,新一代十二位提坦巨人演变成为希腊 神话中的提坦巨神,或称第二批神 提坦巨人中六兄弟六姊妹互相结合,一群新神( the giants)已经诞生,领头 者为Zeus。于是经过乱伦、吞噬、宫闱阴谋、阉割以及与 Poseidon和 Hades的 三分天下,终于建立了以Zeus为首,其兄妹子女各司其职的奥林匹斯众神(th Olympian Gods)的统治。因诸神长年居于奥林匹斯山上,故称为奥林匹斯神 奥林匹斯山上共有十二主神,此外,还有众多小神,他们亦分管着各自不同的神 职 尽管希腊罗马神话中共有三代天神,但后世一般熟知的则是奥林匹斯诸神, 希腊与罗马的神话区别并不是很大。在主神方面,大都是共同的,只是称呼不同 而己。 Selected reading To begin with, let's acquire ourselves with the ideas of the structure of the universe which prevailed among the ancient Greeks The Greeks believed the earth to be flat and circular. their own country occupying the middle of it, the central point being either Mount Olympus, the abode of the gods, or delphi, so famous for its oracle The circular disk of the earth was crossed from west to east and divided into two ual parts by the Sea, the Mediterranean, and its continuation Euxine Around the earth flowed the River Ocean, its course being from south to north on the western side of the earth, and in a contrary direction on the eastern side. It flowed in a steady, equable current, unperturbed by storm or tempest. The Sea, and all the rivers on earth. received their waters from it he northern portion of the earth was supposed to be inhabited by a happy race named the Hyperboreans, dwelling in everlasting bliss and spring beyond the lofty mountains whose caverns were supposed to send forth the piercing blasts of the north wind, which chilled the people of Hellas. Their country was inaccessible by land or sea. They lived exempt from disease or old age, from toils and warfare Equally happy and virtuous were the Ethiopians who lived on the southern part of the earth, close to the stream of Ocean. The gods favored them so highly that they were wont to leave at times their Olympian abodes and go to share their sacrifices nd b1 1. The Olympian Gods Summary 鸿蒙之初，天地尚未分开，宇宙陷入无边虚空，一团黑暗混沌，唯 Chaos（混 沌之神）孕育其中。该神诞下大地之母、爱神、地狱神、黑暗神、和黑夜神。其 中黑暗神 Erebus 和夜神 Nyx，兄妹结合生出白昼神、冥河神、死亡神、毁灭神、 睡神、梦神以及命运女神等一大批神。此为希腊神话中的原始诸神，或称第一批 神。 大地之母 Gaea 独自生出了天神 Uranus，后有苍穹之神 Uranus 主宰世界，与 母 Gaea（大地女神）结合产生了一代提坦巨人（the Titans）、独目巨灵和百臂巨 灵。子女谋反，Cronus 取代父神 Uranus，新一代十二位提坦巨人演变成为希腊 神话中的提坦巨神，或称第二批神。 提坦巨人中六兄弟六姊妹互相结合，一群新神（the Giants）已经诞生，领头 者为 Zeus。于是经过乱伦、吞噬、宫闱阴谋、阉割以及与 Poseidon 和 Hades 的 三分天下，终于建立了以 Zeus 为首，其兄妹子女各司其职的奥林匹斯众神（the Olympian Gods）的统治。因诸神长年居于奥林匹斯山上，故称为奥林匹斯神。 奥林匹斯山上共有十二主神，此外，还有众多小神，他们亦分管着各自不同的神 职。 尽管希腊罗马神话中共有三代天神，但后世一般熟知的则是奥林匹斯诸神， 希腊与罗马的神话区别并不是很大。在主神方面，大都是共同的，只是称呼不同 而已。 Selected Reading To begin with, let’s acquire ourselves with the ideas of the structure of the universe which prevailed1 among the ancient Greeks. The Greeks believed the earth to be flat and circular, their own country occupying the middle of it, the central point being either Mount Olympus, the abode of the gods, or Delphi, so famous for its oracle. The circular disk of the earth was crossed from west to east and divided into two equal parts by the Sea, the Mediterranean, and its continuation Euxine2 . Around the earth flowed the River Ocean, its course being from south to north on the western side of the earth, and in a contrary direction on the eastern side. It flowed in a steady, equable current, unperturbed3 by storm or tempest. The Sea, and all the rivers on earth, received their waters from it4 . The northern portion of the earth was supposed to be inhabited by a happy race named the Hyperboreans5 , dwelling in everlasting bliss and spring beyond the lofty mountains whose caverns were supposed to6 send forth the piercing blasts of the north wind, which chilled the people of Hellas7 . Their country was inaccessible by land or sea. They lived exempt8 from disease or old age, from toils and warfare. Equally happy and virtuous were the Aethiopians9 who lived on the southern part of the earth, close to the stream of Ocean. The gods favored them so highly that they were wont to10 leave at times their Olympian abodes and go to share their sacrifices and banquets