1. The olympian Gods Summary 鸿蒙之初,天地尚未分开,宇宙陷入无边虚空,一团黑暗混沌,唯 Chaos(混 沌之神)孕育其中。该神诞下大地之母、爱神、地狱神、黑暗神、和黑夜神。其 中黑暗神 Erebus和夜神Nyx,兄妹结合生出白昼神、冥河神、死亡神、毁灭神 睡神、梦神以及命运女神等一大批神。此为希腊神话中的原始诸神,或称第一批 神 大地之母Gaea独自生出了天神 Uranus,后有苍穹之神 Uranus主宰世界,与 母Gaea(大地女神)结合产生了一代提坦巨人( the titans)、独目巨灵和百臂巨 灵。子女谋反, Cronus取代父神 Uranus,新一代十二位提坦巨人演变成为希腊 神话中的提坦巨神,或称第二批神 提坦巨人中六兄弟六姊妹互相结合,一群新神( the giants)已经诞生,领头 者为Zeus。于是经过乱伦、吞噬、宫闱阴谋、阉割以及与 Poseidon和 Hades的 三分天下,终于建立了以Zeus为首,其兄妹子女各司其职的奥林匹斯众神(th Olympian Gods)的统治。因诸神长年居于奥林匹斯山上,故称为奥林匹斯神 奥林匹斯山上共有十二主神,此外,还有众多小神,他们亦分管着各自不同的神 职 尽管希腊罗马神话中共有三代天神,但后世一般熟知的则是奥林匹斯诸神, 希腊与罗马的神话区别并不是很大。在主神方面,大都是共同的,只是称呼不同 而己。 Selected reading To begin with, let's acquire ourselves with the ideas of the structure of the universe which prevailed among the ancient Greeks The Greeks believed the earth to be flat and circular. their own country occupying the middle of it, the central point being either Mount Olympus, the abode of the gods, or delphi, so famous for its oracle The circular disk of the earth was crossed from west to east and divided into two ual parts by the Sea, the Mediterranean, and its continuation Euxine Around the earth flowed the River Ocean, its course being from south to north on the western side of the earth, and in a contrary direction on the eastern side. It flowed in a steady, equable current, unperturbed by storm or tempest. The Sea, and all the rivers on earth. received their waters from it he northern portion of the earth was supposed to be inhabited by a happy race named the Hyperboreans, dwelling in everlasting bliss and spring beyond the lofty mountains whose caverns were supposed to send forth the piercing blasts of the north wind, which chilled the people of Hellas. Their country was inaccessible by land or sea. They lived exempt from disease or old age, from toils and warfare Equally happy and virtuous were the Ethiopians who lived on the southern part of the earth, close to the stream of Ocean. The gods favored them so highly that they were wont to leave at times their Olympian abodes and go to share their sacrifices nd b
1 1. The Olympian Gods Summary 鸿蒙之初，天地尚未分开，宇宙陷入无边虚空，一团黑暗混沌，唯 Chaos（混 沌之神）孕育其中。该神诞下大地之母、爱神、地狱神、黑暗神、和黑夜神。其 中黑暗神 Erebus 和夜神 Nyx，兄妹结合生出白昼神、冥河神、死亡神、毁灭神、 睡神、梦神以及命运女神等一大批神。此为希腊神话中的原始诸神，或称第一批 神。 大地之母 Gaea 独自生出了天神 Uranus，后有苍穹之神 Uranus 主宰世界，与 母 Gaea（大地女神）结合产生了一代提坦巨人（the Titans）、独目巨灵和百臂巨 灵。子女谋反，Cronus 取代父神 Uranus，新一代十二位提坦巨人演变成为希腊 神话中的提坦巨神，或称第二批神。 提坦巨人中六兄弟六姊妹互相结合，一群新神（the Giants）已经诞生，领头 者为 Zeus。于是经过乱伦、吞噬、宫闱阴谋、阉割以及与 Poseidon 和 Hades 的 三分天下，终于建立了以 Zeus 为首，其兄妹子女各司其职的奥林匹斯众神（the Olympian Gods）的统治。因诸神长年居于奥林匹斯山上，故称为奥林匹斯神。 奥林匹斯山上共有十二主神，此外，还有众多小神，他们亦分管着各自不同的神 职。 尽管希腊罗马神话中共有三代天神，但后世一般熟知的则是奥林匹斯诸神， 希腊与罗马的神话区别并不是很大。在主神方面，大都是共同的，只是称呼不同 而已。 Selected Reading To begin with, let’s acquire ourselves with the ideas of the structure of the universe which prevailed1 among the ancient Greeks. The Greeks believed the earth to be flat and circular, their own country occupying the middle of it, the central point being either Mount Olympus, the abode of the gods, or Delphi, so famous for its oracle. The circular disk of the earth was crossed from west to east and divided into two equal parts by the Sea, the Mediterranean, and its continuation Euxine2 . Around the earth flowed the River Ocean, its course being from south to north on the western side of the earth, and in a contrary direction on the eastern side. It flowed in a steady, equable current, unperturbed3 by storm or tempest. The Sea, and all the rivers on earth, received their waters from it4 . The northern portion of the earth was supposed to be inhabited by a happy race named the Hyperboreans5 , dwelling in everlasting bliss and spring beyond the lofty mountains whose caverns were supposed to6 send forth the piercing blasts of the north wind, which chilled the people of Hellas7 . Their country was inaccessible by land or sea. They lived exempt8 from disease or old age, from toils and warfare. Equally happy and virtuous were the Aethiopians9 who lived on the southern part of the earth, close to the stream of Ocean. The gods favored them so highly that they were wont to10 leave at times their Olympian abodes and go to share their sacrifices and banquets
The abode of the gods was on the summit of Mount Olympus, in Thessaly. a gate of clouds, kept by the goddesses named the Seasons, opened to permit the passage of the Celestials to earth, and to receive them on their return. the gods had their but all. whel d to the palace of Zeus jupite Jove), as did also those deities whose usual abode was the earth, the waters, or the underworld. It was also in the great hall of the palace of the Olympian king that the gods feasted each day on ambrosia and nectar, their food and drink, the latter being handed round by the lovely goddess Hebe (later, Ganymede, a Trojan youth noted for his beauty). Here they conversedof the affairs of heaven and earth; and as they quaffed their nectar, Apollo, the god of music, delighted them with the tones of his lyre, to which the Muses sang in responsive strains. When the sun was set, the gods retired to sleep in their respective dwellings The robes and other parts of the dress of the goddesses were woven by athena (Minerva)and the Graces. Everything of a more solid nature was formed of the various metals by Hephaestus(Vulcan). He was architect, smith, armorer, chariot builder, and artist of all work on Mount Olympus Zeus, though called the father of gods and men, had himself a less outstanding beginning Cronus(Saturn)was his father, and rhea(ops) his mother Saturn and rhea were of the race of titans who were the children of Uranus(Heaven) and Gaea(Earth), which sprang from Chaos Advised by his mother, Cronus castrated his father and became the king of the Titans. To him and his sister rhea were born Hestia. Demeter Hera, Hades, and Poseidon, all of whom he swallowed because of his parents' warning that he would be overthrown by his own child. When his son Zeus was born, Rhea hid Zeus in Crete and tricked Cronus into swallowing a stone. Zeus grew up, forced his father to disgorge his brothers and sisters. waged war on him and became the new ruler. on the dethronement of his father, Zeus with his brothers Poseidon(Neptune) and Hades(Pluto) di dominions. Zeus's portion was the heavens, Poseidons the ocean, and Hades' the realms of the dead. Earth and Olympus were common property. Zeus was king of gods and men. The thunder was his weapon, and he bore a shield called Aegis, made for him by Hephaestus. The eagle was his favorite bird, and bore his thunderbolt Hera(Juno) was the wife of Zeus, and queen of the gods. Iris, the goddess of the rainbow was her attendant and messenger. The peacock was her favorite bird Hephaestus(Vulcan), the celestial artist, was the son of Zeus and hera. he was born lame. and his mother was so displeased at the sight of him that she flung him out of heaven Ares(Mars), the god of war, was the son of Z and hera
2 The abode of the gods was on the summit of Mount Olympus, in Thessaly. A gate of clouds, kept by the goddesses named the Seasons11, opened to permit the passage of the Celestials12 to earth, and to receive them on their return. The gods had their separate dwellings; but all, when summoned, repaired to the palace of Zeus (Jupiter or Jove), as did also those deities whose usual abode was the earth, the waters, or the underworld. It was also in the great hall of the palace of the Olympian king that the gods feasted each day on ambrosia and nectar13, their food and drink, the latter being handed round by the lovely goddess Hebe (later, Ganymede14, a Trojan youth noted for his beauty). Here they conversed15 of the affairs of heaven and earth; and as they quaffed their nectar, Apollo, the god of music, delighted them with the tones of his lyre, to which the Muses sang in responsive strains. When the sun was set, the gods retired to sleep in their respective dwellings. The robes and other parts of the dress of the goddesses were woven by Athena (Minerva) and the Graces. Everything of a more solid nature was formed of the various metals by Hephaestus (Vulcan). He was architect, smith, armorer, chariot builder, and artist of all work on Mount Olympus. Zeus, though called the father of gods and men, had himself a less outstanding beginning, Cronus (Saturn) was his father, and Rhea (Ops) his mother. Saturn and Rhea were of the race of Titans, who were the children of Uranus (Heaven) and Gaea (Earth), which sprang from Chaos. Advised by his mother, Cronus castrated16 his father and became the king of the Titans. To him and his sister Rhea were born Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, and Poseidon, all of whom he swallowed because of his parents’ warning that he would be overthrown by his own child. When his son Zeus was born, Rhea hid Zeus in Crete and tricked Cronus into swallowing a stone. Zeus grew up, forced his father to disgorge his brothers and sisters, waged war on him, and became the new ruler. On the dethronement of his father, Zeus with his brothers Poseidon (Neptune) and Hades (Pluto) divided his dominions. Zeus’s portion was the heavens, Poseidon’s the ocean, and Hades’ the realms of the dead. Earth and Olympus were common property. Zeus was king of gods and men. The thunder was his weapon, and he bore a shield called Aegis17, made for him by Hephaestus. The eagle was his favorite bird, and bore his thunderbolts. Hera (Juno) was the wife of Zeus, and queen of the gods. Iris, the goddess of the rainbow, was her attendant and messenger. The peacock was her favorite bird. Hephaestus (Vulcan), the celestial artist, was the son of Zeus and Hera. He was born lame, and his mother was so displeased at the sight of him that she flung him out of heaven. Ares (Mars), the god of war, was the son of Zeus and Hera
Phoebus Apollo, the god of archery, prophecy, and music was th Leto(Latona), and brother of Artemis(Diana) He was god of the sun, as Diana, his sister, was Aphrodite(Venus), the goddess of love and beauty, was the daughter of Zeus and dione the sea. The zephyr wafted her along the to the isle of cy received and attired by the seasons and then led to the assembly of the gods. This event caused such a stir that the famous italian artist sandro Birth of venus on the subject. All were charmed with her beauty, and each one demanded her for his wife. Jupiter gave her to Vulcan, in gratitude for the service he had rendered in forging thunderbolts. So the most beautiful of the goddesses became the wife of the most ill-favored of gods. Venus possessed an embroidered girdle called Cestus, which had the power of inspiring love. Her favorite birds were swans and doves, and the plants sacred to her were the rose and the myrtle Eros(Cupid), the god of love, was the son of Venus. He was her constant companion; and armed with bow and arrows. he shot the darts of desire into the bosoms of both gods and men Athena(Minerva) was the offspring of Zeus, without a mother. She sprang forth from his head completely armed. Her favorite bird was the owl, and the plant sacred to her the olive Her contest against Poseidon over Athens was very famous Hermes(Mercury)was the son of Zeus and Maia. He presided over commerce, wrestling, and other gymnastic exercises, even over thieving, and everything. He was the messeng of Zeus, and wore a winged cap had a daughter named Persephone(Proserpine), who became the/a\with shoes. He bore in his hand a rod en two serpents, called the Caduceus Demeter(Ceres) was the daughter of Cronus and rhea. She wife of Hades, and queen of the realms of the dead. Ceres presided Dionysus(Bacchus), the god of wine, was the son of Zeus and Semele. He represents not only the intoxicating power of wine, but its social and beneficent influences likewise, so that he is viewed as the promoter of civilization
3 Phoebus Apollo, the god of archery, prophecy, and music was the son of Zeus and Leto (Latona), and brother of Artemis (Diana). He was god of the sun, as Diana, his sister, was the goddess of the moon. Aphrodite (Venus), the goddess of love and beauty, was the daughter of Zeus and Dione. Others say that Venus sprang from the foam of the sea. The zephyr18 wafted her along the waves to the Isle of Cyprus19, where she was received and attired by the Seasons, and then led to the assembly of the gods. This event caused such a stir that the famous Italian artist Sandro Botticelli created a monumental painting the Birth of Venus on the subject. All were charmed with her beauty, and each one demanded her for his wife. Jupiter gave her to Vulcan, in gratitude for the service he had rendered in forging thunderbolts. So the most beautiful of the goddesses became the wife of the most ill-favored of gods. Venus possessed an embroidered girdle called Cestus, which had the power of inspiring love. Her favorite birds were swans and doves, and the plants sacred to her were the rose and the myrtle. Eros (Cupid)，the god of love, was the son of Venus. He was her constant companion; and, armed with bow and arrows, he shot the darts of desire into the bosoms of both gods and men. Athena (Minerva) was the offspring of Zeus, without a mother. She sprang forth from his head completely armed. Her favorite bird was the owl, and the plant sacred to her the olive. Her contest against Poseidon over Athens was very famous. Hermes (Mercury) was the son of Zeus and Maia. He presided over commerce, wrestling, and other gymnastic exercises, even over thieving, and everything. He was the messenger of Zeus, and wore a winged cap and winged shoes. He bore in his hand a rod entwined with two serpents, called the Caduceus20. Demeter (Ceres) was the daughter of Cronus and Rhea. She had a daughter named Persephone (Proserpine), who became the wife of Hades, and queen of the realms of the dead. Ceres presided over agriculture. Dionysus (Bacchus), the god of wine, was the son of Zeus and Semele. He represents not only the intoxicating power of wine, but its social and beneficent influences likewise, so that he is viewed as the promoter of civilization
and a lawgiver and lover of peace The muses of zeus and Memory. They presided over song, and prompted the memory. They were nine in number, to each of whom common but by no means a definitive list is the Calliope: Muse of heroic or epic poetry Clio: Muse of histor Erate Muse of lyric and love poetr Euterpe: Muse of music or flutes Melp Terpsichore: Muse of dancing and choral song Thalia: Muse of Urania Muse of astronomy Polyhymnia Muse of hymns, mime The Graces"( Charites) were goddesses presiding over the banquet, the dance, and all social enjoyments and elegant arts They were frequently taken as goddesses of charm or beauty in general and hence associated with Aphrodite, the goddess of love. There were three in number, namely Euphrosyne, Aglaia, and Thalia The Fates(Moirai) were also three: Clotho, Lachesia, and Atropos. Their office was to spin the thread of human destiny and they were armed with shears, with which they cut it off when whey pleased. The three goddesses were assigned distinct tasks: Clothe “ Spinner”) spun the "thread"of human fate, Lachesis ("Allotter")dispensed it, and Atropos cut it. They were the daughters of Themis(Law) who sits by Zeus on his throne to give him counsel The Erinyes"(Eumenides), or Furies, were three goddesses who lived in Erebus and heard complaints brought by mortals against the insolence of the young to the aged, of children to parents, of hosts to guests, and of households or city councils to suppliants---and punished such crimes by hounding the culprits relentlessly, without rest or pause, from city to city and from country to country Nemesis was also an avenging goddess. She represents the righteous anger of the gods, particularly towards the proud and insolent Pan was the god of flocks and shepherds. Hermes was usually supposed to be his father and his mother was often named Penelope(probably not the wife of Odysseus but commonly identified with her). Pan was generally represented as a vigorous and lustful figure having the horns, legs, and ears of a goat. he
4 and a lawgiver and lover of peace. The Muses21 are the daughters of Zeus and Memory. They presided over song, and prompted the memory. They were nine in number, to each of whom was assigned the different arts and sciences. A common but by no means a definitive list is the following: Calliope: Muse of heroic or epic poetry. Clio: Muse of history Erato: Muse of lyric and love poetry Euterpe: Muse of music or flutes Melpomene: Muse of tragedy Terpsichore: Muse of dancing and choral song Thalia: Muse of comedy Urania: Muse of astronomy Polyhymnia Muse of hymns, mime The Graces22 (Charites) were goddesses presiding over the banquet, the dance, and all social enjoyments and elegant arts. They were frequently taken as goddesses of charm or beauty in general and hence associated with Aphrodite, the goddess of love. There were three in number, namely Euphrosyne, Aglaia, and Thalia. The Fates23 (Moirai) were also three: Clotho, Lachesia, and Atropos. Their office was to spin the thread of human destiny, and they were armed with shears, with which they cut it off when whey pleased. The three goddesses were assigned distinct tasks: Clotho (“Spinner”) spun the “thread” of human fate, Lachesis (“Allotter”) dispensed it, and Atropos cut it. They were the daughters of Themis (Law), who sits by Zeus on his throne to give him counsel. The Erinyes24 (Eumenides), or Furies, were three goddesses who lived in Erebus and heard complaints brought by mortals against the insolence of the young to the aged, of children to parents, of hosts to guests, and of households or city councils to suppliants---and punished such crimes by hounding the culprits relentlessly, without rest or pause, from city to city and from country to country. Nemesis was also an avenging goddess. She represents the righteous anger of the gods, particularly towards the proud and insolent. Pan was the god of flocks and shepherds. Hermes was usually supposed to be his father and his mother was often named Penelope (probably not the wife of Odysseus but commonly identified with her). Pan was generally represented as a vigorous and lustful figure having the horns, legs, and ears of a goat. He
haunted the high hills, and his chief concern was with flocks and herds, not with agriculture. Like the shepherds with whom he was associated he was a piper, and he rested at noon His favorite residence was in arcadia The Satyrs were deities of the woods and fields. They were conceived to be covered with bristly hair, their heads decorated with short, sprouting horns, and their feet like goats feet 附:奥林匹斯十二主神 GreekRoman Function eus Jupiter Principal god of the Greek Pantheon; Ruler of the heaven; Hera Principal goddess of the Pantheon, queen of the Gods, goddess Poseidon Neptune King of the sea, earthquakes and horses Hades Pluto God of the dead: ruler of the underworld Athena Minerva Goddess of wisdom and war Phoebus God of the sun, poetry, music, dance, medicine and oracles Artemis Goddess of the hunt, the moon, virginity, animals and Mars Aphrodite Goddess of love and beauty Hermes Mercury God of commerce, invention, travelers and shepherds: Hephaestus Vulcan God of fire and metalworking Hestia Vesta Sacred flame NOTES 1.ⅵi.盛行,流行 be generally seen,done,et./ⅵi.获胜,占优势 gain victory; occupy a dominant position./vi.说服劝说;诱使 persuade(sb)( (to do sth, lead or induce 2黑海( the black Sea)。 3.adj.未受到搅乱的、镇静的 free from emotional agitation or nervous tension 4试比较四川大学校训英译海纳百川Sea, all water, receives all rivers 有容乃大 Utmost wit listens to all sides 5住在极北地区的人 6能、应该、被期望 7 Greece(x希腊文,常用于诗歌) 8被免除的被豁免的 free from an obligation, duty or payment 9 Ethiopians埃塞俄比亚人 10.习惯于, in the habit 1l据古希腊诗人赫西尔德( Hesiod)在神谱( Theogony)中的说法是天帝宙斯与正义女神塞米 斯( Themis)所生的三个女儿,名字分别是 Lawfulness( Eunomia), Justice(Dike),与 Peace ( Eirene)。在希腊神话中,季节女神经常被描写成伴随著某些神出现的年轻女神,维纳斯从 海中诞生时就是季节女神中的春神帮她打扮的 13 food and drink琼浆玉液 14宙斯携走特洛伊王室的俊美男童枷倪墨得斯,在神圣的奥林匹斯山上开下了亲近娈童之
5 haunted the high hills, and his chief concern was with flocks and herds, not with agriculture. Like the shepherds with whom he was associated, he was a piper, and he rested at noon. His favorite residence was in Arcadia. The Satyrs were deities of the woods and fields. They were conceived to be covered with bristly hair, their heads decorated with short, sprouting horns, and their feet like goat’s feet. 附：奥林匹斯十二主神 Greek Roman Function Zeus Jupiter Principal god of the Greek Pantheon; Ruler of the heaven; Hera Juno Principal goddess of the Pantheon; queen of the Gods; goddess Poseidon Neptune King of the sea, earthquakes and horses Hades Pluto God of the dead; ruler of the underworld Athena Minerva Goddess of wisdom and war Apollo Phoebus God of the sun, poetry, music, dance, medicine and oracles Artemis Diana Goddess of the hunt, the moon, virginity, animals and Ares Mars God of war Aphrodite Venus Goddess of love and beauty Hermes Mercury God of commerce, invention, travelers and shepherds; Hephaestus Vulcan God of fire and metalworking Hestia Vesta Sacred flame NOTES 1. vi. 盛行,流行 be generally seen, done, etc. / vi. 获胜,占优势 gain victory; occupy a dominant position. / vi. 说服,劝说; 诱使 persuade (sb) (to do sth); lead or induce 2.黑海（the Black Sea）。 3. adj. 未受到搅乱的、镇静的 free from emotional agitation or nervous tension 4.试比较四川大学校训英译 海纳百川 Sea, all water, receives all rivers 有容乃大 Utmost wit listens to all sides 5.住在极北地区的人。 6.能、应该、被期望。 7.Greece (x 希腊文，常用于诗歌) 8.被免除…的,被豁免的 free from an obligation, duty or payment 9.Ethiopians 埃塞俄比亚人 10.习惯于，in the habit 11.据古希腊诗人赫西尔德(Hesiod）在神谱(Theogony）中的说法是天帝宙斯与正义女神塞米 斯(Themis）所生的三个女儿，名字分别是 Lawfulness (Eunomia），Justice (Dike），与 Peace (Eirene）。在希腊神话中，季节女神经常被描写成伴随著某些神出现的年轻女神，维纳斯从 海中诞生时就是季节女神中的春神帮她打扮的。 12.gods 13.food and drink 琼浆玉液 14.宙斯携走特洛伊王室的俊美男童枷倪墨得斯，在神圣的奥林匹斯山上开下了亲近娈童之
风。宙斯的妻子天后赫拉,因此对特洛伊人怀恨在心。加之后来的三女神选美中,特洛伊王 子帕里斯( Paris)把金苹果颁给了许给他人间最美的女子海伦的爱神阿芙罗狄忒,更让这位 好妒、易怒的天后与特洛伊人誓不两立,决心彻底毁灭特洛伊城和全城的人民。此外,伽倪 墨得斯成为宙斯情人的故事是男同性恋题材中最有名,也是流传最深远的神话。它差不多是 自意大利文艺复兴以来同性恋艺术家和作家们最喜欢引述的神话。众神之王宙斯亲自实践同 性恋爱并将其神圣化。 15. talked about 16阉割 remove the testicles of male animal 17.羊皮盾(宙斯及其女儿雅典难所持的帝盾):(引申)庇护 under the aegis of 18西风。中国处于欧亚大陆的东南,东风盛行于春天,而西风是从寒冷的欧亚大陆内陆吹 来,盛行于冬季(例:“古道西风瘦马”一一马致远:“东风夜放花千树,更吹落,星如雨” 辛弃疾;“It' s warm wind, the west wind, full of bird's cries..”- Mansfield;“ a sort of spiritual east wind was at that time blowing; neither Butler nor Gray could flower "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?"shAkespeare 19塞浦路斯岛。希腊神话中爱与美神阿芙洛蒂特(维纳斯)的诞生圣地,被人们骄傲地称 为“爱神之岛”,是地中海的第三大岛屿 20墨丘利的节杖(医学标志)。这样的徽章起源于希腊神话中“医神”阿斯克勒庇俄斯的故 事,他拥有一根由蛇缠绕的手杖,而他女儿健康女神许癸厄亚则代表“药神”,很多壁画中 许癸厄亚用钵状药碗喂养一条长蛇。在徽章上,许癸厄亚的碗跟其父亲阿斯克勒庇俄斯的蛇 杖一样,有一条蛇盘旋在上。“阿斯克勒庇俄斯之杖”代表“医学”,而“许癸厄亚之碗”则 代表“药学”。蛇徽随着希腊文化传播遍布西方国家 21第六感,又名缪斯女神。她们分司爱神、智慧、音乐、诗歌、戏剧、舞蹈、哲理、天文 数学的九位缪神,人们统称之为缪斯女神。人们常用缪斯女神象征诗人、诗歌、文学、爱情、 以及有关艺术的灵感等,演绎出神秘、古典、高贵、自然、浪漫的气息,传说中缪斯女神之 美不可方物,其源于对自然的崇尚,由植物及花中获得无限美的灵感。 22美惠女神,众神的歌舞演员,为人间带来诸美。 23命运女神,最小的克罗托掌管未来和纺织生命之线,二姐拉切西斯负责维护生命之线, 最年长的阿特洛波斯掌管死亡,负责切断生命之线,即使是天父宙斯也不能违抗她们的安排。 24复仇女神,她们是黑夜的女儿,任务是追捕并惩罚那些犯下严重罪行的人,无论罪人在 哪里,她们总会跟着他,使他的良心受到痛悔的煎熬。因此只要世上有罪恶,她们就必然会 存在。“' rinses”或" Erinyes”在希腊语里的意思是“愤怒的人”,传说她们身材高大,眼睛血 红,长着狗的脑袋、蛇的头发、蝙蝠的翅膀,一手执火炬,一手执用腹蛇扭成的鞭子。 Questions for review and discussion 1. What did the ancient greeks know about their world 2. How did zeus divide the rule of the world with his brothers 3. How was Venus married off to Vulcan?
6 风。宙斯的妻子天后赫拉，因此对特洛伊人怀恨在心。加之后来的三女神选美中，特洛伊王 子帕里斯（Paris）把金苹果颁给了许给他人间最美的女子海伦的爱神阿芙罗狄忒，更让这位 好妒、易怒的天后与特洛伊人誓不两立，决心彻底毁灭特洛伊城和全城的人民。此外，伽倪 墨得斯成为宙斯情人的故事是男同性恋题材中最有名，也是流传最深远的神话。它差不多是 自意大利文艺复兴以来同性恋艺术家和作家们最喜欢引述的神话。众神之王宙斯亲自实践同 性恋爱并将其神圣化。 15.talked about 16.阉割 remove the testicles of male animal 17.羊皮盾（宙斯及其女儿雅典难所持的帝盾）；（引申）庇护 under the aegis of … 18.西风。中国处于欧亚大陆的东南，东风盛行于春天，而西风是从寒冷的欧亚大陆内陆吹 来，盛行于冬季（例：“古道西风瘦马”——马致远；“东风夜放花千树，更吹落，星如雨” ——辛弃疾；“It’s warm wind, the west wind, full of bird’s cries…”——Mansfield; “a sort of spiritual east wind was at that time blowing; neither Butler nor Gray could flower”——Arnold; “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”——Shakespeare）。 19.塞浦路斯岛。希腊神话中爱与美神阿芙洛蒂特（维纳斯）的诞生圣地，被人们骄傲地称 为“爱神之岛”，是地中海的第三大岛屿。 20.墨丘利的节杖（医学标志）。这样的徽章起源于希腊神话中“医神”阿斯克勒庇俄斯的故 事，他拥有一根由蛇缠绕的手杖，而他女儿健康女神许癸厄亚则代表“药神”，很多壁画中， 许癸厄亚用钵状药碗喂养一条长蛇。在徽章上，许癸厄亚的碗跟其父亲阿斯克勒庇俄斯的蛇 杖一样，有一条蛇盘旋在上。“阿斯克勒庇俄斯之杖”代表“医学”，而“许癸厄亚之碗”则 代表“药学”。蛇徽随着希腊文化传播遍布西方国家。 21.第六感，又名缪斯女神。她们分司爱神、智慧、音乐、诗歌、戏剧、舞蹈、哲理、天文、 数学的九位缪神，人们统称之为缪斯女神。人们常用缪斯女神象征诗人、诗歌、文学、爱情、 以及有关艺术的灵感等，演绎出神秘、古典、高贵、自然、浪漫的气息，传说中缪斯女神之 美不可方物，其源于对自然的崇尚，由植物及花中获得无限美的灵感。 22.美惠女神，众神的歌舞演员，为人间带来诸美。 23.命运女神，最小的克罗托掌管未来和纺织生命之线，二姐拉切西斯负责维护生命之线， 最年长的阿特洛波斯掌管死亡，负责切断生命之线，即使是天父宙斯也不能违抗她们的安排。 24.复仇女神，她们是黑夜的女儿，任务是追捕并惩罚那些犯下严重罪行的人，无论罪人在 哪里，她们总会跟着他，使他的良心受到痛悔的煎熬。因此只要世上有罪恶，她们就必然会 存在。“Erinyes”或“Erinnyes”在希腊语里的意思是“愤怒的人”，传说她们身材高大，眼睛血 红，长着狗的脑袋、蛇的头发、蝙蝠的翅膀，一手执火炬，一手执用腹蛇扭成的鞭子。 Questions for review and discussion 1. What did the ancient Greeks know about their world? 2. How did Zeus divide the rule of the world with his brothers? 3. How was Venus married off to Vulcan?