7. apollo Summary 阿波罗是一个精力充沛,血气方刚的年轻人。他容貌英俊,散发着芳香略 微飘起的长发垂在肩上。脸呈瓜子形,前额宽阔,显得精明坚定.安详.端庄和自 豪。头上通常戴着用月桂树爱神木橄榄树或睡莲的枝叶编织的冠冕。这位光明 之神有时穿着奢华,昂首蓝天,在他挂在胸前的齐特拉琴的伴奏下放声歌唱。这 让他受到了很多女神的欢迎。但遭到了赫拉的诅咒,导致爱情的失败,饱受单相 思( unrequited love)之苦。他与达芙涅( Daphne)的故事只是一长串情感苦痛的开 始 Selected reading Daphne was Apollo's first love. It was not brought about by accident, but by the malice of Eros( Cupid) One day, Apollo saw the boy playing with his bow and rrows; and being himself elated with his recent victory over Python, he said to him, " What have you to do with warlike weapons, saucy boy? Leave them for hands worthy of them. Behold the conquest i have won by means of them over the vast serpent who stretched his poisonous body over acres of the plain! Be content with your torch, child, and kindle upyour flames, and presume not to meddle with my weapons Venus's boy heard these words, and rejoined. "Your arrows may strike all things else, Apollo, but mine shall strike you. So saying, he took his stand on a rock of Parnassus, and drew from his quiver two arrows of different workmanship, one to excite love, the other to repel it. The former was of gold and sharp pointed, the latter blunt and tipped with lead. With the leaden shaft he struck the nymph Daphne, the daughter of the river god Peneus(river in Thessaly). and with the golden one Apollo, through the heart. Forthwith' the god was seized with love for the maiden, and she abhorred the thought of loving Her delight was in woodland sports and in the spoils" of the chase. Lovers sought her, but she spurned them all, ranging the woods, and taking no thought of Cupid nor of Hymen Her father often said to her, Daughter, you owe me a son-in-law, you owe me grandchildren. She, hating the thought of marriage as a crime, with her beautiful face tinged all over with blushes. threw her arms around her father's neck. and said Dearest father, grant me this favor, that I may al ways remain unmarried, like Diana (Artemis). " He consented, but at the same time said, " Your own face will forbid it Apollo loved her, and longed to obtain her; and he who gives oracles to all the world was not wise enough to look into his own fortunes. He saw her hair flung loose over her shoulders, and said, "if so charming, in disorder, what would it be if arranged? he saw her eyes bright as stars; he saw her lips, and was not satisfied with only seeing them. He admired her hands and arms, naked to the shoulder, and
29 7. Apollo Summary 阿波罗是一个精力充沛，血气方刚的年轻人。他容貌英俊，散发着芳香.略 微飘起的长发垂在肩上。脸呈瓜子形，前额宽阔，显得精明.坚定.安详.端庄和自 豪。头上通常戴着用月桂树.爱神木.橄榄树或睡莲的枝叶编织的冠冕。这位光明 之神有时穿着奢华，昂首蓝天，在他挂在胸前的齐特拉琴的伴奏下放声歌唱。这 让他受到了很多女神的欢迎。但遭到了赫拉的诅咒，导致爱情的失败，饱受单相 思(unrequited love)之苦。他与达芙涅(Daphne)的故事只是一长串情感苦痛的开 始。 Selected Reading Daphne was Apollo’s first love. It was not brought about1 by accident, but by the malice2 of Eros (Cupid). One day, Apollo saw the boy playing with his bow and arrows; and being himself elated3 with his recent victory over Python4 , he said to him, “What have you to do with warlike weapons, saucy boy? Leave them for hands worthy of them. Behold the conquest I have won by means of them over the vast serpent who stretched his poisonous body over acres of the plain! Be content with your torch, child, and kindle up5 your flames, and presume6 not to meddle with7 my weapons.” Venus’s boy heard these words, and rejoined. “Your arrows may strike all things else, Apollo, but mine shall strike you.” So saying, he took his stand on a rock of Parnassus8 , and drew from his quiver two arrows of different workmanship, one to excite love, the other to repel it. The former was of gold and sharp pointed, the latter blunt and tipped with lead. With the leaden shaft he struck the nymph Daphne, the daughter of the river god Peneus (river in Thessaly), and with the golden one Apollo, through the heart. Forthwith9 the god was seized with love for the maiden, and she abhorred10 the thought of loving. Her delight was in woodland sports and in the spoils11 of the chase. Lovers sought her, but she spurned12 them all, ranging the woods, and taking no thought of Cupid nor of Hymen13. Her father often said to her, “Daughter, you owe me a son-in-law; you owe me grandchildren.” She, hating the thought of marriage as a crime, with her beautiful face tinged all over with blushes, threw her arms around her father’s neck, and said, “Dearest father, grant me this favor, that I may always remain unmarried, like Diana (Artemis).” He consented, but at the same time said, “Your own face will forbid it.” Apollo loved her, and longed to obtain her; and he who gives oracles to all the world was not wise enough to look into his own fortunes. He saw her hair flung loose over her shoulders, and said, “if so charming, in disorder, what would it be if arranged?” he saw her eyes bright as stars; he saw her lips, and was not satisfied with only seeing them. He admired her hands and arms, naked to the shoulder, and
whatever was hidden from view he imagined more beautiful still. He followed her; she fled, swifter than the wind, and delayed not a moment at his entreaties "Stay said he, "daughter of Peneus; I am not a foe. Do not fly me as a lamb flies the wolf, or a dove the hawk. It is for love I pursue you. You make me miserable, for fear you should fall and hurt yourself on these stones, and I should be the cause. Pray run slower, and I will follow slower. I am no clown, no rude peasant. Jupiter(Zeus)is my father, and I am lord of Delphos and Tenedos, and know all things, present and future I am the god of song and lyre. My arrows fly true to the mark; but alas! an arrow more fatal than mine has pierced my heart! I am the god of medicine and know the virtues of all ealing plants. Alas! I suffer a malady that no balm can cure he nymph continued her flight and left his plea half uttered. And even as she fled she charmed him The wind blew her garments, and her unbound hair streamed loose behind her. The god grew impatient to find his row aw Cupid, gained upon her in the race. It was like a hound pursuing a hare, with open jaws ready to seize, while the feebler animal darts forward, slipping from the very grasp. So flew the god and the virgin ---he on the wings of love, and she on those of fear. The pursue is the more rapid, however, and gains upon her, and his panting breath blows upon her hair. Her strength begins to fail, and ready to sink, she calls upon her father, the river god, Help me, Peneus! Open the earth to enclose me, or change my form, which has brought me into this danger! Scarcely had she spoken when a stiffness seized all her limbs her bosom began to be enclosed in a tender bark her hair became leaves: her arms became branches; her foot stuck fast in the ground as a root; her face became a tree-top, retaining nothing of its former self but its beauty, Apollo stood amazed. He touched the stem and felt the flesh tremble under the new bark. He embraced the branches. and lavished20 kisses on the wood. The branches shrank from his lips. Since you cannot be my wife, said he you shall assuredly be my tree. I will wear you for my crown; I will decorate with you my harp and my quiver; and when the great Roman conquerors lead up the triumphal pomp to the Capitol, you shall be woven into wreaths for their brows And as eternal youth is mine, you also shall be al ways green, and your leaf knows no lecay. The nymph, now changed into a laurel tree", bowed its head in grate acknowledgment NOTES
30 whatever was hidden from view he imagined more beautiful still. He followed her; she fled, swifter than the wind, and delayed not a moment at his entreaties14. “Stay,” said he, “daughter of Peneus; I am not a foe. Do not fly me as a lamb flies the wolf, or a dove the hawk. It is for love I pursue you. You make me miserable, for fear you should fall and hurt yourself on these stones, and I should be the cause. Pray run slower, and I will follow slower. I am no clown, no rude peasant. Jupiter (Zeus) is my father, and I am lord of Delphos and Tenedos, and know all things, present and future. I am the god of song and lyre. My arrows fly true to the mark; but alas! an arrow more fatal than mine has pierced my heart! I am the god of medicine, and know the virtues of all healing plants. Alas! I suffer a malady15 that no balm can cure!” The nymph continued her flight, and left his plea half uttered. And even as she fled she charmed him. The wind blew her garments, and her unbound hair streamed loose behind her. The god grew impatient to find his wooing16 throw away, and, sped by Cupid, gained upon her in the race. It was like a hound pursuing a hare, with open jaws ready to seize, while the feebler animal darts forward, slipping from the very grasp. So flew the god and the virgin---he on the wings of love, and she on those of fear. The pursue is the more rapid, however, and gains upon her, and his panting17 breath blows upon her hair. Her strength begins to fail, and ready to sink, she calls upon her father, the river god, “Help me, Peneus! Open the earth to enclose me, or change my form, which has brought me into this danger!” Scarcely18 had she spoken, when a stiffness seized all her limbs; her bosom began to be enclosed in a tender bark; her hair became leaves; her arms became branches; her foot stuck19 fast in the ground, as a root; her face became a tree-top, retaining nothing of its former self but its beauty, Apollo stood amazed. He touched the stem, and felt the flesh tremble under the new bark. He embraced the branches, and lavished20 kisses on the wood. The branches shrank from his lips. “Since you cannot be my wife,” said he, “you shall assuredly be my tree. I will wear you for my crown; I will decorate with you my harp and my quiver; and when the great Roman conquerors lead up the triumphal pomp21 to the Capitol, you shall be woven into wreaths for their brows. And as eternal youth is mine, you also shall be always green, and your leaf knows no decay.” The nymph, now changed into a laurel tree22, bowed its head in grateful acknowledgment. NOTES
1发生 take place,h 2.恶意、蓄意 自傲的 proud 4.皮同是希腊神话中居住于德尔斐地方的巨蟒。皮同神话的一个版本。提坦女神勒托怀上 了主神宙斯的两个孩子,即孪生姐弟阿耳忒弥斯和阿波罗。嫉妒的赫拉派皮同去迫害怀孕的 勒托。由于惧怕赫拉,所有神祇都拒绝庇护勒托,勒 托只有逃到阿斯忒利亚岛上去分娩。这段故事解释了 为什么阿波罗憎恨皮同。阿波罗长大后立即去找皮同 寻仇,因此来到德尔斐。这时德尔斐的神谕属于该亚 皮同逃入该亚的神示所,而阿波罗大胆地闯了进去, 在女祭司所坐的岩石裂缝那里用箭射死了皮同。由于 擅闯圣地,阿波罗受到了惩罚:众神创立了一个皮提 亚竞技会,阿波罗被命令主持此竞技会,以作为对他 的亵神行为的赎罪。其他的版本则说,阿波罗杀死皮 同的原因仅仅是为了寻找地点建造神示所。当阿波罗来到德尔斐时,当地己有该亚的神示所, 在那里发布神谕的就是皮同。阿波罗将皮同杀死,并选定德尔斐为建立自己神庙的地方。两 位传说中的建筑师特洛福尼俄斯和阿伽墨得斯建成了神庙。德尔斐神示所位于神庙内殿,该 神示所的神谕就是古希腊世界最著名的德尔斐神谕 5燃烧起来 6擅自 7瞎弄、乱动 8帕纳塞斯山(位于希腊中部,古时被认为是太阳神和文艺女神们的灵地) 9立刻;立即;马上 10憎恶;厌恶;痛恨 11战利品、奖品 12拒绝 13.指爱神和婚姻神,这里指爱情和婚姻 14.恳求、哀求 15疾病 6求爱 喘气的 18刚刚、几乎不、简直不 19插入、刺入 20.慷慨的给予 21.凯旋的盛况 22.从此,阿波罗将月桂树尊为他的圣树,他的发上,琴上和箭袋 上总是饰以桂树的枝叶。每年,他所挑选出的全希腊最优秀的诗 人也被赐予桂枝做的花冠以示荣耀。这就是“桂冠诗人”(Poet aureate)的由来。试欣赏SHE的《月桂女神》,品味阿波罗与达芙妮的爱恋。 Questions for review and discussion 1. What was the cause of Apollos love for Daphne? 2. What did Peneus mean by "Your face will forbid"? 3. How can you interpret the myths of Apollo's unrequited love? 31
31 1.发生 take place; happen 2.恶意、蓄意 3.自傲的 proud 4. 皮同是希腊神话中居住于德尔斐地方的巨蟒。皮同神话的一个版本。提坦女神勒托怀上 了主神宙斯的两个孩子，即孪生姐弟阿耳忒弥斯和阿波罗。嫉妒的赫拉派皮同去迫害怀孕的 勒托。由于惧怕赫拉，所有神祇都拒绝庇护勒托，勒 托只有逃到阿斯忒利亚岛上去分娩。这段故事解释了 为什么阿波罗憎恨皮同。阿波罗长大后立即去找皮同 寻仇，因此来到德尔斐。这时德尔斐的神谕属于该亚。 皮同逃入该亚的神示所，而阿波罗大胆地闯了进去， 在女祭司所坐的岩石裂缝那里用箭射死了皮同。由于 擅闯圣地，阿波罗受到了惩罚：众神创立了一个皮提 亚竞技会，阿波罗被命令主持此竞技会，以作为对他 的亵神行为的赎罪。其他的版本则说，阿波罗杀死皮 同的原因仅仅是为了寻找地点建造神示所。当阿波罗来到德尔斐时，当地已有该亚的神示所， 在那里发布神谕的就是皮同。阿波罗将皮同杀死，并选定德尔斐为建立自己神庙的地方。两 位传说中的建筑师特洛福尼俄斯和阿伽墨得斯建成了神庙。德尔斐神示所位于神庙内殿，该 神示所的神谕就是古希腊世界最著名的德尔斐神谕。 5.燃烧起来 6.擅自 7.瞎弄、乱动 8.帕纳塞斯山（位于希腊中部，古时被认为是太阳神和文艺女神们的灵地） 9.立刻；立即；马上 10.憎恶；厌恶；痛恨 11.战利品、奖品 12.拒绝 13.指爱神和婚姻神，这里指爱情和婚姻 14.恳求、哀求 15.疾病 16.求爱 17.喘气的 18.刚刚、几乎不、简直不 19.插入、刺入 20.慷慨的给予 21.凯旋的盛况 22.从此，阿波罗将月桂树尊为他的圣树，他的发上，琴上和箭袋 上总是饰以桂树的枝叶。每年，他所挑选出的全希腊最优秀的诗 人也被赐予桂枝做的花冠以示荣耀。这就是“桂冠诗人”（Poet Laureate）的由来。试欣赏 S.H.E.的《月桂女神》，品味阿波罗与达芙妮的爱恋。 Questions for review and discussion 1. What was the cause of Apollo’s love for Daphne? 2. What did Peneus mean by “Your face will forbid”? 3. How can you interpret the myths of Apollo’s unrequited love?