Chapter 8 Positive vs Negative Expressions (Affirmation VS. Negation) I Definition of Positive vS. Negative Expressions 凡是在英语中含有nO、not或者带有表示否定意思的词缀, 如de-、dis-、im-、in-、il-、un-、-less等成分的词句, 汉语中含有“否”、“非”、“无”、“没(有) 未 否”等成分的词句,都是反面表达;凡是不用 这些词或不带这些词缀的说法,都是正面表达
Chapter 8 Positive vs. Negative Expressions (Affirmation vs. Negation) • Ⅰ.Definition of Positive vs. Negative Expressions • 凡是在英语中含有no、not或者带有表示否定意思的词缀， 如de-、dis-、im-、in-、il-、un-、-less等成分的词句， 汉语中含有“否” 、 “非” 、 “无” 、 “没（有）、 “未” 、 “否”等成分的词句，都是反面表达；凡是不用 这些词或不带这些词缀的说法，都是正面表达
give/take, refuse/ accept 至于英语中的ge和take, refuse和 accept,以及汉语 中的“给”和“受”,“拒绝”和“接受”则都应该算正 面表达 ② dismiss(下课、令退) 另外,有些英语词;如 dismiss(下课、令退),虽然也用 了这类反面表达的词头,但因去掉词头的动词并没有与原 词相反的意义,所以也不能算作反面表达的词。也就是说, 凡是反面表达的词,去掉否定词缀后和原词的意思完全相 反,如: unimportant- important
• ① give/take, refuse/accept • 至于英语中的give和take, refuse和 accept，以及汉语 中的“给”和“受” ， “拒绝”和“接受”则都应该算正 面表达。 • ② dismiss (下课、令退) • 另外，有些英语词；如dismiss(下课、令退)，虽然也用 了这类反面表达的词头，但因去掉词头的动词并没有与原 词相反的意义，所以也不能算作反面表达的词。也就是说， 凡是反面表达的词，去掉否定词缀后和原词的意思完全相 反，如： unimportant-important
The positive and negative expressions of Chinese are similar to those of English in most cases there is usually no translating obstruction [ab'str∧kjen]障碍 between them. But there are some particular cases in which either English or Chinese can only adopt either positive or negative expressions. the differences in positive and negative expressions between Chinese and E nglish are due to the following principles
• The positive and negative expressions of Chinese are similar to those of English in most cases; there is usually no translating obstruction [ əb'strʌkʃən ] 障碍between them. But there are some particular cases in which either English or Chinese can only adopt either positive or negative expressions. The differences in positive and negative expressions between Chinese and English are due to the following principles:
(1) Different expression habits between English and Chinese eg. Wet paint 油漆未干。 这是一句招贴用语。汉语的习惯用“未干”与“油漆”搭 配,英语习惯用wet搭配“ paint”如果汉语说成“湿的油 漆”,英语说成“ paint nor dry都不符合英汉各自的用 法习惯
• (1) Different expression habits between English and Chinese, eg. • Wet paint • 油漆未干。 • 这是一句招贴用语。汉语的习惯用“未干”与“油漆”搭 配，英语习惯用wet搭配“paint”.如果汉语说成“湿的油 漆”，英语说成“paint nor dry”都不符合英汉各自的用 法习惯
2)For better rhetorical effects eg 解放区的巩固工作仍应注意 Meanwhile, the consolidation of the liberated areas must not be neglected ·英语的 must not be neglected要比 must be noticed修辞效 果好的多 Rhetorical devices are generally classified into two categories: communicative rhetorical devices aesthetic rhetorical devices The former focuses on logic and brevity of expressions, ncluding choice of words variety of sentence patterns organization of paragraphs arrangement of the whole discourse
• (2) For better rhetorical effects, eg. • 解放区的巩固工作仍应注意 • Meanwhile, the consolidation of the liberated areas must not be neglected. • 英语的must not be neglected 要比must be noticed 修辞效 果好的多。 • Rhetorical devices are generally classified into two categories: • communicative rhetorical devices • aesthetic rhetorical devices. • The former focuses on logic and brevity of expressions, including • choice of words, • variety of sentence patterns, • organization of paragraphs • arrangement of the whole discourse: •
(3)For a more appropriate and natural effect g 了更加确切地表达原文含义),eg 王同志,这几年一直是全勒 Comrade Wang has never missed a day s work for years. 译文要比正面表达更加明确
• (3) For a more appropriate and natural effect (为 了更加确切地表达原文含义), eg. • 王同志，这几年一直是全勤。 • Comrade Wang has never missed a day’s work for years. • 译文要比正面表达更加明确
I Positive expressions in English and negative expressions in Chinese ●(英语从正面表达,汉语从反面表达) 1V. He continued his work. ●他没有中断他的工作。(EC101) 2) Adv. the boy recited the poem exactly ·那个男孩一字不错地背了那首诗。 3)Adj. The village boy was strange to city life 那村童不习惯于城市生活。 )Prep. It is beyond my power to approve your application. 我无权批准你的申请
• Ⅱ.Positive expressions in English and negative expressions in Chinese • (英语从正面表达，汉语从反面表达) • 1) V. He continued his work. • 他没有中断他的工作。（E-C101） • 2) Adv. The boy recited the poem exactly. • 那个男孩一字不错地背了那首诗。 • 3) Adj. The village boy was strange to city life. • 那村童不习惯于城市生活。 • 4) Prep. It is beyond my power to approve your application. • 我无权批准你的申请
5)Conj. It will be more than five years before we meet agaIn 五年多中,我们将不能见面 6)n. We are waiting with anxiety for news of her safe arriva 我们惶惶不安地等待她安全到达的休息 7) Phrase: we believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust 我们相信,年青一代将不会辜负我们的信任。 8)Sentence: E-C p 104
• 5) Conj. It will be more than five years before we meet again. • 五年多中，我们将不能见面。 • 6) n. We are waiting with anxiety for news of her safe arrival. • 我们惶惶不安地等待她安全到达的休息。 • 7) Phrase: we believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. • 我们相信，年青一代将不会辜负我们的信任。 • 8) Sentence: E-C p.104
ll, Negative expressions in English and positive expressions in Chinese (英语从反面表达,汉语从正面表达)(P104 1)V He misunderstood me 他误解我了 2) Adv. Speaking unreservedly, we should work harder. ·坦白地说,我们应该再去刻苦点。 3) Adj. Shall you let the insult pass_unnoticed? 你对那侮辱就马马虎虎算了吗? 4)n He manifested a strong dislike for his father's business 他对他父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。 5Phrase: He can't speak English without making mistakes 他每说英语必有错误 6 Sentence: Such flights couldn' t long escape notice 这类飞行迟早会被发现的
• Ⅲ.Negative expressions in English and positive expressions in Chinese • (英语从反面表达，汉语从正面表达) (P.104) • 1) V. He misunderstood me • 他误解我了。 • 2) Adv. Speaking unreservedly, we should work harder. • 坦白地说，我们应该再去刻苦点。 • 3) Adj. Shall you let the insult pass unnoticed ? • 你对那侮辱就马马虎虎算了吗？ • 4) n. He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business. • 他对他父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。 • 5) Phrase: He can’t speak English without making mistakes. • 他每说英语必有错误。 • 6) Sentence: Such flights couldn’t long escape notice. • 这类飞行迟早会被发现的
参考资料: ●1. Text book 2、张培基等,《英汉翻译教程》,上海外语 教育出版社,1980
• 参考资料： • 1. Text Book • 2. 张培基等，《英汉翻译教程》，上 海 外语 教育出版社，1980
